章节研读
1 Corinthians 15 — The Resurrection of the Dead
Paul rehearses the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ according to the scriptures, lists eyewitnesses, then argues that denying the resurrection of the dead empties the gospel of its power and leaves believers still in their sins.
经文
- 1.弟 兄 們 , 我 如 今 把 先 前 所 傳 給 你 們 的 福 音 告 訴 你 們 知 道 ; 這 福 音 你 們 也 領 受 了 , 又 靠 著 站 立 得 住 ,Now I make known unto you brethren, the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye received, wherein also ye stand,
- 2.並 且 你 們 若 不 是 徒 然 相 信 , 能 以 持 守 我 所 傳 給 你 們 的 , 就 必 因 這 福 音 得 救 。by which also ye are saved, if ye hold fast the word which I preached unto you, except ye believed in vain.
- 3.我 當 日 所 領 受 又 傳 給 你 們 的 : 第 一 , 就 是 基 督 照 聖 經 所 說 , 為 我 們 的 罪 死 了 ,For I delivered unto you first of all that which also I received: that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
- 4.而 且 埋 葬 了 ; 又 照 聖 經 所 說 , 第 三 天 復 活 了 ,and that he was buried; and that he hath been raised on the third day according to the scriptures;
- 5.並 且 顯 給 磯 法 看 , 然 後 顯 給 十 二 使 徒 看 ;and that he appeared to Cephas; then to the twelve;
- 6.後 來 一 時 顯 給 五 百 多 弟 兄 看 , 其 中 一 大 半 到 如 今 還 在 , 卻 也 有 已 經 睡 了 的 。then he appeared to above five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain until now, but some are fallen asleep;
- 7.以 後 顯 給 雅 各 看 , 再 顯 給 眾 使 徒 看 ,then he appeared to James; then to all the apostles;
- 8.末 了 也 顯 給 我 看 ; 我 如 同 未 到 產 期 而 生 的 人 一 般 。and last of all, as to the child untimely born, he appeared to me also.
- 9.我 原 是 使 徒 中 最 小 的 , 不 配 稱 為 使 徒 , 因 為 我 從 前 逼 迫 神 的 教 會 。For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
- 10.然 而 , 我 今 日 成 了 何 等 人 , 是 蒙 神 的 恩 才 成 的 , 並 且 他 所 賜 我 的 恩 不 是 徒 然 的 。 我 比 眾 使 徒 格 外 勞 苦 ; 這 原 不 是 我 , 乃 是 神 的 恩 與 我 同 在 。But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not found vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.
- 11.不 拘 是 我 , 是 眾 使 徒 , 我 們 如 此 傳 , 你 們 也 如 此 信 了 。Whether then it be I or they, so we preach, and so ye believed.
- 12.既 傳 基 督 是 從 死 裡 復 活 了 , 怎 麼 在 你 們 中 間 有 人 說 沒 有 死 人 復 活 的 事 呢 ?Now if Christ is preached that he hath been raised from the dead, how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead?
- 13.若 沒 有 死 人 復 活 的 事 , 基 督 也 就 沒 有 復 活 了 。But if there is no resurrection of the dead, neither hath Christ been raised:
- 14.若 基 督 沒 有 復 活 , 我 們 所 傳 的 便 是 枉 然 , 你 們 所 信 的 也 是 枉 然 ;and if Christ hath not been raised, then is our preaching vain, your faith also is vain.
- 15.並 且 明 顯 我 們 是 為 神 妄 作 見 證 的 , 因 我 們 見 證 神 是 叫 基 督 復 活 了 。 若 死 人 真 不 復 活 , 神 也 就 沒 有 叫 基 督 復 活 了 。Yea, we are found false witnesses of God; because we witnessed of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up, if so be that the dead are not raised.
- 16.因 為 死 人 若 不 復 活 , 基 督 也 就 沒 有 復 活 了 。For if the dead are not raised, neither hath Christ been raised:
- 17.基 督 若 沒 有 復 活 , 你 們 的 信 便 是 徒 然 , 你 們 仍 在 罪 裡 。and if Christ hath not been raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins.
- 18.就 是 在 基 督 裡 睡 了 的 人 也 滅 亡 了 。Then they also that are fallen asleep in Christ have perished.
- 19.我 們 若 靠 基 督 , 只 在 今 生 有 指 望 , 就 算 比 眾 人 更 可 憐 。If we have only hoped in Christ in this life, we are of all men most pitiable.
- 20.但 基 督 已 經 從 死 裡 復 活 , 成 為 睡 了 之 人 初 熟 的 果 子 。But now hath Christ been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of them that are asleep.
- 21.死 既 是 因 一 人 而 來 , 死 人 復 活 也 是 因 一 人 而 來 。For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.
- 22.在 亞 當 裡 眾 人 都 死 了 ; 照 樣 , 在 基 督 裡 眾 人 也 都 要 復 活 。For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive.
- 23.但 各 人 是 按 著 自 己 的 次 序 復 活 : 初 熟 的 果 子 是 基 督 ; 以 後 , 在 他 來 的 時 候 , 是 那 些 屬 基 督 的 。But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; then they that are Christ's, at his coming.
- 24.再 後 , 末 期 到 了 , 那 時 基 督 既 將 一 切 執 政 的 、 掌 權 的 、 有 能 的 、 都 毀 滅 了 , 就 把 國 交 與 父 神 。Then cometh the end, when he shall deliver up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have abolished all rule and all authority and power.
- 25.因 為 基 督 必 要 作 王 , 等 神 把 一 切 仇 敵 都 放 在 他 的 腳 下 。For he must reign, till he hath put all his enemies under his feet.
- 26.儘 末 了 所 毀 滅 的 仇 敵 , 就 是 死 。The last enemy that shall be abolished is death.
- 27.因 為 經 上 說 : 神 叫 萬 物 都 服 在 他 的 腳 下 。 既 說 萬 物 都 服 了 他 , 明 顯 那 叫 萬 物 服 他 的 , 不 在 其 內 了 。For, He put all things in subjection under his feet. But when he saith, All things are put in subjection, it is evident that he is excepted who did subject all things unto him.
- 28.萬 物 既 服 了 他 , 那 時 子 也 要 自 己 服 那 叫 萬 物 服 他 的 , 叫 神 在 萬 物 之 上 , 為 萬 物 之 主 。And when all things have been subjected unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subjected to him that did subject all things unto him, that God may be all in all.
- 29.不 然 , 那 些 為 死 人 受 洗 的 , 將 來 怎 樣 呢 ? 若 死 人 總 不 復 活 , 因 何 為 他 們 受 洗 呢 ?Else what shall they do that are baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why then are they baptized for them?
- 30.我 們 又 因 何 時 刻 冒 險 呢 ? Why do we also stand in jeopardy every hour?
- 31.弟 兄 們 , 我 在 我 主 基 督 耶 穌 裡 , 指 著 你 們 所 誇 的 口 極 力 的 說 , 我 是 天 天 冒 死 。I protest by that glorifying in you, brethren, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord, I die daily.
- 32.我 若 當 日 像 尋 常 人 , 在 以 弗 所 同 野 獸 戰 鬥 , 那 於 我 有 甚 麼 益 處 呢 ? 若 死 人 不 復 活 , 我 們 就 吃 吃 喝 喝 罷 ! 因 為 明 天 要 死 了 。If after the manner of men I fought with beasts at Ephesus, what doth it profit me? If the dead are not raised, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.
- 33.你 們 不 要 自 欺 ; 濫 交 是 敗 壞 善 行 。Be not deceived: Evil companionships corrupt good morals.
- 34.你 們 要 醒 悟 為 善 , 不 要 犯 罪 , 因 為 有 人 不 認 識 神 。 我 說 這 話 是 要 叫 你 們 羞 愧 。Awake to soberness righteously, and sin not; for some have no knowledge of God: I speak this to move you to shame.
- 35.或 有 人 問 : 死 人 怎 樣 復 活 , 帶 著 甚 麼 身 體 來 呢 ?But some one will say, How are the dead raised? and with what manner of body do they come?
- 36.無 知 的 人 哪 , 你 所 種 的 , 若 不 死 就 不 能 生 。Thou foolish one, that which thou thyself sowest is not quickened except it die:
- 37.並 且 你 所 種 的 不 是 那 將 來 的 形 體 , 不 過 是 子 粒 , 即 如 麥 子 , 或 是 別 樣 的 穀 。and that which thou sowest, thou sowest not the body that shall be, but a bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other kind;
- 38.但 神 隨 自 己 的 意 思 給 他 一 個 形 體 , 並 叫 各 等 子 粒 各 有 自 己 的 形 體 。but God giveth it a body even as it pleased him, and to each seed a body of its own.
- 39.凡 肉 體 各 有 不 同 : 人 是 一 樣 , 獸 又 是 一 樣 , 鳥 又 是 一 樣 , 魚 又 是 一 樣 。All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one flesh of men, and another flesh of beasts, and another flesh of birds, and another of fishes.
- 40.有 天 上 的 形 體 , 也 有 地 上 的 形 體 ; 但 天 上 形 體 的 榮 光 是 一 樣 , 地 上 形 體 的 榮 光 又 是 一 樣 。There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another.
- 41.日 有 日 的 榮 光 , 月 有 月 的 榮 光 , 星 有 星 的 榮 光 。 這 星 和 那 星 的 榮 光 也 有 分 別 。There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differeth from another star in glory.
- 42.死 人 復 活 也 是 這 樣 : 所 種 的 是 必 朽 壞 的 , 復 活 的 是 不 朽 壞 的 ;So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption:
- 43.所 種 的 是 羞 辱 的 , 復 活 的 是 榮 耀 的 ; 所 種 的 是 軟 弱 的 , 復 活 的 是 強 壯 的 ;it is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power:
- 44.所 種 的 是 血 氣 的 身 體 , 復 活 的 是 靈 性 的 身 體 。 若 有 血 氣 的 身 體 , 也 必 有 靈 性 的 身 體 。it is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
- 45.經 上 也 是 這 樣 記 著 說 : 首 先 的 人 亞 當 成 了 有 靈 ( 靈 : 或 作 血 氣 ) 的 活 人 ; 末 後 的 亞 當 成 了 叫 人 活 的 靈 。So also it is written, The first man Adam became a living soul. The last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
- 46.但 屬 靈 的 不 在 先 , 屬 血 氣 的 在 先 , 以 後 才 有 屬 靈 的 。Howbeit that is not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; then that which is spiritual.
- 47.頭 一 個 人 是 出 於 地 , 乃 屬 土 ; 第 二 個 人 是 出 於 天 。The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is of heaven.
- 48.那 屬 土 的 怎 樣 , 凡 屬 土 的 也 就 怎 樣 ; 屬 天 的 怎 樣 , 凡 屬 天 的 也 就 怎 樣 。As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy: and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.
- 49.我 們 既 有 屬 土 的 形 狀 , 將 來 也 必 有 屬 天 的 形 狀 。And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly.
- 50.弟 兄 們 , 我 告 訴 你 們 說 , 血 肉 之 體 不 能 承 受 神 的 國 , 必 朽 壞 的 不 能 承 受 不 朽 壞 的 。Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption.
- 51.我 如 今 把 一 件 奧 祕 的 事 告 訴 你 們 : 我 們 不 是 都 要 睡 覺 , 乃 是 都 要 改 變 ,Behold, I tell you a mystery: We all shall not sleep, but we shall all be changed,
- 52.就 在 一 霎 時 , 眨 眼 之 間 , 號 筒 末 次 吹 響 的 時 候 。 因 號 筒 要 響 , 死 人 要 復 活 成 為 不 朽 壞 的 , 我 們 也 要 改 變 。in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
- 53.這 必 朽 壞 的 總 要 變 成 ( 變 成 : 原 文 是 穿 ; 下 同 ) 不 朽 壞 的 , 這 必 死 的 總 要 變 成 不 死 的 。For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
- 54.這 必 朽 壞 的 既 變 成 不 朽 壞 的 , 這 必 死 的 既 變 成 不 死 的 , 那 時 經 上 所 記 死 被 得 勝 吞 滅 的 話 就 應 驗 了 。But when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.
- 55.死 阿 ! 你 得 勝 的 權 勢 在 那 裡 ? 死 阿 ! 你 的 毒 鉤 在 那 裡 ?O death, where is thy victory? O death, where is thy sting?
- 56.死 的 毒 鉤 就 是 罪 , 罪 的 權 勢 就 是 律 法 。The sting of death is sin; and the power of sin is the law:
- 57.感 謝 神 , 使 我 們 藉 著 我 們 的 主 耶 穌 基 督 得 勝 。but thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
- 58.所 以 , 我 親 愛 的 弟 兄 們 , 你 們 務 要 堅 固 , 不 可 搖 動 , 常 常 竭 力 多 做 主 工 ; 因 為 知 道 , 你 們 的 勞 苦 在 主 裡 面 不 是 徒 然 的 。Wherefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not vain in the Lord.
这段经文的意思
The opening two verses frame the chapter as a reminder of the gospel Paul had already preached and the Corinthians had already received and were standing in. Verse 2 is conditional: salvation comes through the word preached if the hearers hold it fast and their believing was not in vain. The Greek makes both 'ye are saved' and 'ye hold fast' present indicative in the condition, not subjunctive, so this is a real ongoing responsibility for the hearer, not a hypothetical edge case.
Verses 3–8 form a creedal recital of the saving events in sequence: Christ died for our sins, was buried, was raised on the third day, and appeared to named witnesses — Cephas, the twelve, over five hundred at once (most still living when Paul wrote), James, all the apostles, and finally Paul himself as one 'untimely born.' Paul then identifies himself as the least of the apostles because he persecuted the church, and credits his apostolic labor not to himself but to the grace of God that was with him (vv. 9–11).
The remainder of the chapter builds on that foundation. If the dead are not raised, Christ has not been raised, preaching is empty, faith is empty, the witnesses are liars, those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished, and Christians are 'of all men most pitiable' (vv. 12–19). Against that, Paul affirms Christ as the firstfruits of those who have died (v. 20), traces death through Adam and resurrection life through Christ (vv. 21–22), orders the end with Christ reigning until death itself is destroyed as the last enemy (vv. 23–26), and explains how the perishable must put on the imperishable (vv. 50–53). The chapter closes with taunts over death and the call to be steadfast, immovable, abounding in the work of the Lord, since that labor is not in vain in the Lord (v. 58).
背景
The chapter opens without supplied prior context in the source material, but the language of vv. 1–2 ('the gospel which I preached unto you…wherein also ye stand…by which also ye are saved') shows Paul returning to foundational teaching rather than introducing new doctrine. The creedal core of vv. 3–7 ('Christ died…buried…raised…appeared') reflects a fixed summary of the apostolic message, which the chapter repeatedly cites as the standard against which any claim of 'no resurrection' must be measured.
Within the chapter itself, Paul's argument moves in three movements. First, the resurrection is grounded in scripture and eyewitness testimony (vv. 3–11). Second, he reasons that denying a future resurrection logically undoes the past resurrection of Christ and with it the entire gospel (vv. 12–34). Third, he answers 'How are the dead raised? With what body?' (v. 35) by appeal to the natural order of seed and flesh (vv. 36–49), then discloses the 'mystery' of instantaneous transformation at the last trumpet (vv. 51–52), and concludes with a doxology of victory and an ethical exhortation (vv. 57–58).
原文关键词
- G4982 In 15:2 the verb σῴζεσθε ('ye are saved') is in the present indicative within an εἰ ('if') clause. It describes a present, ongoing reality of salvation rather than a hypothetical or future-only possibility.
- G2722 The verb κατέχετε ('ye hold fast'), also in v. 2, is likewise present indicative in the condition, not subjunctive. Paul's point is that continued faithful holding of the preached word is the ordinary condition under which salvation is described as present.
- G2098 The noun εὐαγγέλιον in v. 1 names the message Paul 'made known' (ἐγνώρισα) and that the Corinthians had 'received' (παρελάβετε). The chapter treats this gospel as a fixed content — received and transmitted, not invented — and uses it as the standard against which any denial of resurrection is measured.
相关经文
- Galatians 6:9 Paul's closing call in 1 Corinthians 15:58 to be steadfast and abounding in the Lord's work because 'your labor is not vain in the Lord' pairs with Galatians 6:9's exhortation not to grow weary in well-doing, since in due season we reap if we do not faint. Both anchor Christian endurance in the certainty of a future harvest.
- Philippians 2:16 Philippians 2:16 speaks of 'holding forth the word of life' so that Paul's labor would not be in vain in the day of Christ. 1 Corinthians 15:58 uses the same language of labor not being vain 'in the Lord,' and the link reinforces that apostolic and congregational work is meaningful precisely because resurrection is real.
- 1 Thessalonians 1:3 1 Thessalonians 1:3 remembers 'work of faith and labor of love and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ.' 1 Corinthians 15:58 likewise names the labor that flows from hope in the resurrection, calling believers to be steadfast and abounding in the work of the Lord because that labor is not vain in the Lord.
常见问题
Is 1 Corinthians 15:2 teaching that a true believer can lose salvation?
The verse states that believers are saved 'if ye hold fast' the preached word, unless their believing was 'in vain.' Within the chapter this is paired with v. 58's call to steadfast labor. The text presents ongoing faithfulness as the ordinary context in which salvation is described, without resolving every question about perseverance in a single sentence.
What is the creed in verses 3–7, and how does Paul use it?
Verses 3–7 recite a fixed summary: Christ died for our sins, was buried, was raised on the third day, and appeared to named witnesses — Cephas, the twelve, over five hundred, James, all the apostles. Paul uses this creed as the established apostolic message against which the claim 'there is no resurrection of the dead' (v. 12) is to be tested.
What does Paul mean by calling Christ the 'firstfruits of them that are asleep' (v. 20)?
The term 'firstfruits' (ἀπαρχή) marks the first portion of a harvest that guarantees the rest will follow. By calling Christ's resurrection the firstfruits of those who have died, Paul affirms that his rising is the pledged beginning of the resurrection of the dead, which v. 23 then orders as 'each in his own order': Christ first, then those who are Christ's at his coming.