章节研读

列王纪上 8 —— 所罗门奉献圣殿

所罗门将约柜迎入新建的圣殿，荣耀之云充满殿宇，他以一段长祷将这座殿奉献给神。

经文

1.那時，所羅門將以色列的長老和各支派的首領，並以色列的族長，招聚到耶路撒冷，要把耶和華的約櫃從大衛城 ─ 就是錫安 ─ 運上來。Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the princes of the fathers' houses of the children of Israel, unto king Solomon in Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of Jehovah out of the city of David, which is Zion.
2.以他念月，就是七月，在節前，以色列人都聚集到所羅門王那裡。And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast, in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month.
3.以色列長老來到，祭司便抬起約櫃，And all the elders of Israel came, and the priests took up the ark.
4.祭司和利未人將耶和華的約櫃運上來，又將會幕和會幕的一切聖器具都帶上來。And they brought up the ark of Jehovah, and the tent of meeting, and all the holy vessels that were in the Tent; even these did the priests and the Levites bring up.
5.所羅門王和聚集到他那裡的以色列全會眾，一同在約櫃前獻牛羊為祭，多得不可勝數。And king Solomon and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen, that could not be counted nor numbered for multitude.
6.祭司將耶和華的約櫃抬進內殿，就是至聖所，放在兩個基路伯的翅膀底下。And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of Jehovah unto its place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, even under the wings of the cherubim.
7.基路伯張著翅膀在約櫃之上，遮掩約櫃和抬櫃的杠。For the cherubim spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubim covered the ark and the staves thereof above.
8.這杠甚長，杠頭在內殿前的聖所可以看見，在殿外卻不能看見，直到如今還在那裡。And the staves were so long that the ends of the staves were seen from the holy place before the oracle; but they were not seen without: and there they are unto this day.
9.約櫃裡惟有兩塊石版，就是以色列人出埃及地後，耶和華與他們立約的時候摩西在何烈山所放的。除此以外，並無別物。There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone which Moses put there at Horeb, when Jehovah made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt.
10.祭司從聖所出來的時候，有雲充滿耶和華的殿；And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of Jehovah,
11.甚至祭司不能站立供職，因為耶和華的榮光充滿了殿。so that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud; for the glory of Jehovah filled the house of Jehovah.
12.那時所羅門說：耶和華曾說，他必住在幽暗之處。Then spake Solomon, Jehovah hath said that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
13.我已經建造殿宇作你的居所，為你永遠的住處。I have surely built thee a house of habitation, a place for thee to dwell in for ever.
14.王轉臉為以色列會眾祝福，以色列會眾就都站立。And the king turned his face about, and blessed all the assembly of Israel: and all the assembly of Israel stood.
15.所羅門說：耶和華 ─ 以色列的　神是應當稱頌的！因他親口向我父大衛所應許的，也親手成就了。And he said, Blessed be Jehovah, the God of Israel, who spake with his mouth unto David thy father, and hath with his hand fulfilled it, saying,
16.他說：自從我領我民以色列出埃及以來，我未曾在以色列各支派中選擇一城建造殿宇 ─ 為我名的居所，但揀選大衛治理我民以色列。Since the day that I brought forth my people Israel out of Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build a house, that my name might be there; but I chose David to be over my people Israel.
17.所羅門說：我父大衛曾立意，要為耶和華 ─ 以色列　神的名建殿。Now it was in the heart of David my father to build a house for the name of Jehovah, the God of Israel.
18.耶和華卻對我父大衛說：你立意為我的名建殿，這意思甚好。But Jehovah said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thy heart to build a house for my name, thou didst well that it was in thy heart:
19.只是你不可建殿，惟你所生的兒子必為我名建殿。nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house for my name.
20.現在耶和華成就了他所應許的話，使我接續我父大衛坐以色列的國位，又為耶和華 ─ 以色列　神的名建造了殿。And Jehovah hath established his word that he spake; for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and sit on the throne of Israel, as Jehovah promised, and have built the house for the name of Jehovah, the God of Israel.
21.我也在其中為約櫃預備一處。約櫃內有耶和華的約，就是他領我們列祖出埃及地的時候，與他們所立的約。And there have I set a place for the ark, wherein is the covenant of Jehovah, which he made with our fathers, when he brought them out of the land of Egypt.
22.所羅門當著以色列會眾，站在耶和華的壇前，向天舉手說：And Solomon stood before the altar of Jehovah in the presence of all the assembly of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven;
23.耶和華 ─ 以色列的　神啊，天上地下沒有　神可比你的！你向那盡心行在你面前的僕人守約施慈愛；and he said, O Jehovah, the God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath; who keepest covenant and lovingkindness with thy servants, that walk before thee with all their heart;
24.向你僕人 ─ 我父大衛所應許的話現在應驗了。你親口應許，親手成就，正如今日一樣。who hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou didst promise him: yea, thou spakest with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with thy hand, as it is this day.
25.耶和華 ─ 以色列的　神啊，你所應許你僕人 ─ 我父大衛的話說：你的子孫若謹慎自己的行為，在我面前行事像你所行的一樣，就不斷人坐以色列的國位。現在求你應驗這話。Now therefore, O Jehovah, the God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that which thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel, if only thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me as thou hast walked before me.
26.以色列的　神啊，求你成就向你僕人 ─ 我父大衛所應許的話。Now therefore, O God of Israel, let thy word, I pray thee, be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David my father.
27.神果真住在地上麼？看哪，天和天上的天尚且不足你居住的，何況我所建的這殿呢？But will God in very deed dwell on the earth? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded!
28.惟求耶和華 ─ 我的　神垂顧僕人的禱告祈求，俯聽僕人今日在你面前的祈禱呼籲。Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O Jehovah my God, to hearken unto the cry and to the prayer which thy servant prayeth before thee this day;
29.願你晝夜看顧這殿，就是你應許立為你名的居所；求你垂聽僕人向此處禱告的話。that thine eyes may be open toward this house night and day, even toward the place whereof thou hast said, My name shall be there; to hearken unto the prayer which thy servant shall pray toward this place.
30.你僕人和你民以色列向此處祈禱的時候，求你在天上你的居所垂聽，垂聽而赦免。And hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place: yea, hear thou in heaven thy dwelling - place; and when thou hearest, forgive.
31.人若得罪鄰舍，有人叫他起誓，他來到這殿在你的壇前起誓，If a man sin against his neighbor, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before thine altar in this house;
32.求你在天上垂聽，判斷你的僕人：定惡人有罪，照他所行的報應在他頭上；定義人有理，照他的義賞賜他。then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way upon his own head, and justifying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness.
33.你的民以色列若得罪你，敗在仇敵面前，又歸向你，承認你的名，在這殿裡祈求禱告，When thy people Israel are smitten down before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee; if they turn again to thee, and confess thy name, and pray and make supplication unto thee in this house:
34.求你在天上垂聽，赦免你民以色列的罪，使他們歸回你賜給他們列祖之地。then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest unto their fathers.
35.你的民因得罪你，你懲罰他們，使天閉塞不下雨；他們若向此處禱告，承認你的名，離開他們的罪，When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost afflict them:
36.求你在天上垂聽，赦免你僕人以色列民的罪，將當行的善道指教他們，且降雨在你的地，就是你賜給你民為業之地。then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou teachest them the good way wherein they should walk; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people for an inheritance.
37.國中若有饑荒、瘟疫、旱風、霉爛、蝗蟲、螞蚱，或有仇敵犯境圍困城邑，無論遭遇甚麼災禍疾病，If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting or mildew, locust or caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;
38.你的民以色列，或是眾人，或是一人，自覺有罪 ( 原文作災 ) ，向這殿舉手，無論祈求甚麼，禱告甚麼，what prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, or by all thy people Israel, who shall know every man the plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands toward this house:
39.求你在天上你的居所垂聽赦免。你是知道人心的，要照各人所行的待他們（惟有你知道世人的心），then hear thou in heaven thy dwelling - place, and forgive, and do, and render unto every man according to all his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of all the children of men;)
40.使他們在你賜給我們列祖之地上一生一世敬畏你。that they may fear thee all the days that they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers.
41.論到不屬你民以色列的外邦人，為你名從遠方而來，Moreover concerning the foreigner, that is not of thy people Israel, when he shall come out of a far country for thy name's sake
42.（他們聽人論說你的大名和大能的手，並伸出來的膀臂）向這殿禱告，(for they shall hear of thy great name, and of thy mighty hand, and of thine outstretched arm); when he shall come and pray toward this house;
43.求你在天上你的居所垂聽，照著外邦人所祈求的而行，使天下萬民都認識你的名，敬畏你像你的民以色列一樣；又使他們知道我建造的這殿是稱為你名下的。hear thou in heaven thy dwelling - place, and do according to all that the foreigner calleth to thee for; that all the peoples of the earth may know thy name, to fear thee, as doth thy people Israel, and that they may know that this house which I have built is called by my name.
44.你的民若奉你的差遣，無論往何處去與仇敵爭戰，向耶和華所選擇的城與我為你名所建造的殿禱告，If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, by whatsoever way thou shalt send them, and they pray unto Jehovah toward the city which thou hast chosen, and toward the house which I have built for thy name;
45.求你在天上垂聽他們的禱告祈求，使他們得勝。then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause.
46.你的民若得罪你（世上沒有不犯罪的人），你向他們發怒，將他們交給仇敵擄到仇敵之地，或遠或近，If they sin against thee (for there is no man that sinneth not), and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captive unto the land of the enemy, far off or near;
47.他們若在擄到之地想起罪來，回心轉意，懇求你說：我們有罪了，我們悖逆了，我們作惡了；yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they are carried captive, and turn again, and make supplication unto thee in the land of them that carried them captive, saying, We have sinned, and have done perversely, we have dealt wickedly;
48.他們若在擄到之地盡心盡性歸服你，又向自己的地，就是你賜給他們列祖之地和你所選擇的城，並我為你名所建造的殿禱告，if they return unto thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies, who carried them captive, and pray unto thee toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, the city which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name:
49.求你在天上你的居所垂聽他們的禱告祈求，為他們伸冤；then hear thou their prayer and their supplication in heaven thy dwelling - place, and maintain their cause;
50.饒恕得罪你的民，赦免他們的一切過犯，使他們在擄他們的人面前蒙憐恤。and forgive thy people who have sinned against thee, and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee; and give them compassion before those who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them
51.因為他們是你的子民，你的產業，是你從埃及領出來脫離鐵爐的。(for they are thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron);
52.願你的眼目看顧僕人，聽你民以色列的祈求，無論何時向你祈求，願你垂聽。that thine eyes may be open unto the supplication of thy servant, and unto the supplication of thy people Israel, to hearken unto them whensoever they cry unto thee.
53.主耶和華啊，你將他們從地上的萬民中分別出來作你的產業，是照你領我們列祖出埃及的時候，藉你僕人摩西所應許的話。For thou didst separate them from among all the peoples of the earth, to be thine inheritance, as thou spakest by Moses thy servant, when thou broughtest our fathers out of Egypt, O Lord Jehovah.
54.所羅門在耶和華的壇前屈膝跪著，向天舉手，在耶和華面前禱告祈求已畢，就起來，And it was so, that, when Solomon had made an end of praying all this prayer and supplication unto Jehovah, he arose from before the altar of Jehovah, from kneeling on his knees with his hands spread forth toward heaven.
55.站著，大聲為以色列全會眾祝福，說：And he stood, and blessed all the assembly of Israel with a loud voice, saying,
56.耶和華是應當稱頌的！因為他照著一切所應許的賜平安給他的民以色列人，凡藉他僕人摩西應許賜福的話，一句都沒有落空。Blessed be Jehovah, that hath given rest unto his people Israel, according to all that he promised: there hath not failed one word of all his good promise, which he promised by Moses his servant.
57.願耶和華 ─ 我們的　神與我們同在，像與我們列祖同在一樣，不撇下我們，不丟棄我們，Jehovah our God be with us, as he was with our fathers: let him not leave us, nor forsake us;
58.使我們的心歸向他，遵行他的道，謹守他吩咐我們列祖的誡命、律例、典章。that he may incline our hearts unto him, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and his statutes, and his ordinances, which he commanded our fathers.
59.我在耶和華面前祈求的這些話，願耶和華 ─ 我們的　神晝夜垂念，每日為他僕人與他民以色列伸冤，And let these my words, wherewith I have made supplication before Jehovah, be nigh unto Jehovah our God day and night, that he maintain the cause of his servant, and the cause of his people Israel, as every day shall require;
60.使地上的萬民都知道惟獨耶和華是　神，並無別神。that all the peoples of the earth may know that Jehovah, he is God; there is none else.
61.所以你們當向耶和華 ─ 我們的　神存誠實的心，遵行他的律例，謹守他的誡命，至終如今日一樣。Let your heart therefore be perfect with Jehovah our God, to walk in his statutes, and to keep his commandments, as at this day.
62.王和以色列眾民一同在耶和華面前獻祭。And the king, and all Israel with him, offered sacrifice before Jehovah.
63.所羅門向耶和華獻平安祭，用牛二萬二千，羊十二萬。這樣，王和以色列眾民為耶和華的殿行奉獻之禮。And Solomon offered for the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which he offered unto Jehovah, two and twenty thousand oxen, and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the children of Israel dedicated the house of Jehovah.
64.當日，王因耶和華殿前的銅壇太小，容不下燔祭、素祭，和平安祭牲的脂油，便將耶和華殿前院子當中分別為聖，在那裡獻燔祭、素祭，和平安祭牲的脂油。The same day did the king hallow the middle of the court that was before the house of Jehovah; for there he offered the burnt-offering, and the meal-offering, and the fat of the peace-offerings, because the brazen altar that was before Jehovah was too little to receive the burnt-offering, and the meal-offering, and the fat of the peace-offerings.
65.那時，所羅門和以色列眾人，就是從哈馬口直到埃及小河所有的以色列人，都聚集成為大會，在耶和華 ─ 我們的　神面前守節七日又七日，共十四日。So Solomon held the feast at that time, and all Israel with him, a great assembly, from the entrance of Hamath unto the brook of Egypt, before Jehovah our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days.
66.第八日，王遣散眾民；他們都為王祝福。因見耶和華向他僕人大衛和他民以色列所施的一切恩惠，就都心中喜樂，各歸各家去了。On the eighth day he sent the people away; and they blessed the king, and went unto their tents joyful and glad of heart for all the goodness that Jehovah had showed unto David his servant, and to Israel his people.

这段经文的意思

本章以三段叙述展开：约柜迁入至圣所（1–9 节），荣云降临迫使祭司退出（10–11 节），以及所罗门诠释此刻的致辞（12–21 节）。约柜的到来标志着大卫心愿（撒下 7 章）的应验，以及神对大卫所说的话：他的后裔必建造这殿，大卫的王位也必因守约而坚立。

所罗门的祷告（22–53 节）以承认神本无法被局限（27 节）为框架，随后列举七个具体情境，求神自天上垂听朝向此殿的祷告：（1）司法起誓，（2）国中战败，（3）旱灾，（4）饥荒与瘟疫，（5）自知心中疾患之个人的祷告，（6）被神的名吸引而来的外邦人，（7）战争与流放。这一系列由外在的圣约咒诅情境（申命记 28 章）渐次推进至对罪的内省，再延伸至列邦。

结尾的总结（54–61 节）召集众民，赐福与他们，并将圣殿的目的安放于一个宣教的视野之中：“使地上万民都知道耶和华是神，除他以外再无别神”（60 节）。奉献大节、大量祭牲以及院子的圣洁（62–66 节），以表明圣殿本身并非终局，而是神同在为人所寻、神的名在列邦中被传扬之地，作本章的收束。

背景

本章处于所罗门执政的叙事弧线之中，紧接列王纪上 6–7 章的建造记载。所罗门在以他念月（七月）的节期，召集以色列众长老与支派首领，使约柜从锡安（大卫城）迁入新殿的行动成为一场立约群体的公开之举，而非私人仪式。约柜内仅存两块石版（9 节）的细节，凸显所珍藏者乃是在何烈山所赐的圣约之言。

此祷扎根于贯穿律法的圣约叙事：七项祈求与圣约的福祸（申命记 28 章）相呼应，而结语则呼应示玛（申命记 6 章 4 节），在万民面前确认神的独一性。圣殿由此被呈现为圣洁之神与有罪之民相会之地，其唯一的盼望在于悔改、向神之名的祷告，以及自天上而来的赦免。

原文关键词

H6950 第 1 节的动词“召集”（qahal）标志一次正式的集会。同字根在第 2 节描述全以色列聚集，表明这事件乃官方的立约大会，而非寻常的人群。
H0727 第 1 节的“约柜”（ʾaron）与“约”（berit）相配，构成固定表达“约柜”。这一组合所指之物并非遗物，而是神在何烈山与以色列立约关系的凭据。
H5927 第 1 节中“运上”（ʿalāh）的不定式，其字根为ʿalah，描述约柜自锡安向上进入圣殿。同字亦用于节期中“上去”在神前朝见，故此行进本身即被视为赴会于神同在的“上行”。
H4294 第 1 节的“支派”（maṭṭāh）含“竿”或“杖”之意；支派的首领遂为“那杖”，即各以色列家系的授权代表，受召共证约柜的迁入。

常见问题

为何所罗门说神要住在幽暗之中（12 节）？

在所罗门的引述中，他引用耶和华亲口所说的话，表明祂要住在幽暗之中。他并以“天和天上的天尚且不足容下你”（27 节）相配，承认圣殿无法盛装祂的本体；圣殿只能成为祷告所向、神名受尊之处。

所罗门的祷告涵盖哪七种情境？

依本章原文：（1）人在坛前被邻舍指控而起的起誓；（2）以色列因罪被仇敌击败；（3）天闭不降雨水；（4）饥荒、瘟疫、庄稼病害、蝗虫或围城；（5）自知心中疾患之个人；（6）被神的名吸引而来的外邦人；（7）以色列临阵或被掳流放。每项皆求神自天上垂听而赦免。

列王纪上 8 章中的圣殿是否被视为神字面意义的居所？

所罗门本人否认它能成为神的字面居所：“天和天上的天俱不足容下你，何况我所建的这殿呢”（27 节）。本章中圣殿的功用，乃是成为祷告所向之处，好让神从天上的居所垂听而赦免（30、39、43、49 节）。

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列王纪上 8 —— 所罗门奉献圣殿

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