BIBLE BOOK GUIDE
Romans
16 chapters
God's righteousness is revealed in the gospel, justifying sinners by faith in Jesus Christ and transforming them into a holy new life.
Romans
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Why this book was written
Written before visiting Jerusalem, Paul wrote to formalize the gospel for the Roman church: human sinfulness, the equal need of Jews and Gentiles, justification by faith, sanctification by the Spirit, and God's ultimate plan for Israel and the nations. He also hoped to strengthen the believers and gain their support for his mission to Spain.
Structure
- 1–4Sin and God's Wrath
- 5–8Justification by Faith and New Life
- 9–11God's Sovereignty and Israel's Salvation
- 12–14Holy Living in Christ
- 15–16Conclusion, Greetings, and Mission
Major themes
Justification by Faith
Paul argues all are under sin, but through Christ's obedience and atoning sacrifice, believers are counted righteous by faith (Rom 1:17; 3:21-26; 5:1).
Universal Sin and the Fall
Both Gentiles (1:18-32) and those under the Law (2:1-3:20) are bound by sin; none can be saved by their own works.
New Life and Sanctification in Christ
United with Christ in death and resurrection, believers are freed from slavery to sin and transformed by the Spirit to live in righteousness and love (chs. 6, 8, 12).
The Spirit and Sonship
The Spirit testifies that we are God's children, and we share in both Christ's sufferings and His future glory (Rom 8:14-17, 26-30).
God's Sovereign Plan for Israel and the Gentiles
The gospel comes to the Jews first and also to the Gentiles; Israel's hardening is partial and temporary, and God's mercy will reach the full number of the saved (chs. 9-11).
Practical Christian Living in the World
In view of God's mercies, believers present themselves as living sacrifices, serve one another in love, submit to authority, and overcome evil (chs. 12-15).
How it points to Christ
Romans exalts Jesus Christ as the Savior and Lord of sinners: His righteousness is credited to believers (3:21-26), His death and resurrection reconcile us to God (5:6-11), and His return is the believer's hope of full redemption (8:31-39). Christ is both the Messiah of Israel and the Lord of the Gentiles; through Him the gospel reveals God's righteousness and mercy.
Key verses
- 1:16–17Paul declares the gospel as God's power, revealing the righteousness by faith.
- 3:23–24All have sinned and are justified freely by grace through redemption in Christ.
- 5:1–2Justified by faith, we have peace with God and hope in His glory.
- 6:23The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ.
- 8:1No condemnation in Christ assures believers of freedom from guilt.
- 8:28–29All things work together for good, conforming us to Christ's image.
- 10:9–10Confessing Christ as Lord and believing in the resurrection brings salvation.
- 12:1–2Present yourselves as living sacrifices, transformed by renewed minds.
Reflections on Romans
People in this book
Questions for reflection
- ·Romans 1:17 says "the righteous shall live by faith." What area of your life today most needs to be held by faith rather than by sight?
- ·In chapter 6, Paul says we are dead to sin. Are there habits or attitudes where you are still letting sin reign? Ask the Spirit to reveal them and help you let go.
- ·Romans 8:28-30 describes God's unbroken chain: foreknown, called, justified, glorified. How does this picture comfort you in present weakness or confusion?
- ·Paul weeps for Israel in chapters 9-11. How urgent is your prayer and witness for those who have not yet heard the gospel?
- ·Romans 12:1-2 calls us to present our bodies as living sacrifices. How does this self-offering look in your daily work, family, and church life?
Where Romans fits in the Bible's storyline
This book appears in the 12-stop storyline at:
Where to start reading the Bible? See the full 12-stop storyline
Want to read Romans start to finish? Open the reader for parallel Chinese/English text and ask anything as you go.
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Chapter 9
1I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit,
2that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.
3For I could wish that I myself were anathema from Christ for my brethren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh:
4who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;
5whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
6But it is not as though the word of God hath come to nought. For they are not all Israel, that are of Israel:
7neither, because they are Abraham's seed, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.
8That is, it is not the children of the flesh that are children of God; but the children of the promise are reckoned for a seed.
9For this is a word of promise, According to this season will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.
10And not only so; but Rebecca also having conceived by one, even by our father Isaac—
11for the children being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth,
12it was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.
13Even as it is written, Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.
14What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.
15For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.
16So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that hath mercy.
17For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, For this very purpose did I raise thee up, that I might show in thee my power, and that my name might be published abroad in all the earth.
18So then he hath mercy on whom he will, and whom he will be hardeneth.
19Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he still find fault? For who withstandeth his will?
20Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why didst thou make me thus?
21Or hath not the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel unto honor, and another unto dishonor?
22What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering vessels of wrath fitted unto destruction:
23and that he might make known the riches of his glory upon vessels of mercy, which he afore prepared unto glory,
24even us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles?
25As he saith also in Hosea, I will call that my people, which was not my people; And her beloved, that was not beloved.
26And it shall be, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, There shall they be called sons of the living God.
27And Isaiah crieth concerning Israel, If the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, it is the remnant that shall be saved:
28for the Lord will execute his word upon the earth, finishing it and cutting it short.
29And, as Isaiah hath said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, We had become as Sodom, and had been made like unto Gomorrah.
30What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who followed not after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith:
31but Israel, following after a law of righteousness, did not arrive at that law.
32Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by works. They stumbled at the stone of stumbling;
33even as it is written, Behold, I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence: And he that believeth on him shall not be put to shame.
