经文研读
Tobit 4:7-11 — Tobit's Teaching on Almsgiving
Tobit's deathbed instructions to his son on the practice of almsgiving: give generously, in proportion to what you have, without reluctance, and store up treasure against the day of necessity.
经文
- 7.用你的财物帮助所有行事正直的人，当你施舍时，不要让你的眼因怜惜财物而不愿给予。不要对任何穷人转脸而去，神的面也不会从你转脸而去。Give alms from your possessions to all who live uprightly, and do not let your eye begrudge the gift when you make it. Do not turn your face away from any poor man, and the face of God will not be turned away from you.
- 8.你若有很多财物，就要照你所有的多取少补；你若有很少的财物，不要因为你所有的很少就怕献上。If you have many possessions, make your gift from them in proportion; if few, do not be afraid to give according to the little you have.
- 9.这样，你就为自己积攒了丰富的财宝，准备应对将来的需要。So you will be laying up a good treasure for yourself against the day of necessity.
- 10.施舍可以使你免死，并且不至于进入黑暗；For charity delivers from death and keeps you from entering the darkness;
- 11.并且对于所有践行它的人来说，慈善是在至高者面前的一种优秀的供奉。and for all who practice it charity is an excellent offering in the presence of the Most High.
这段经文的意思
Tobit 4:7-11 lays out a short but tightly reasoned teaching on almsgiving. Verse 7 sets the practice: give from your possessions to those who live uprightly, and do so without a grudging eye. The conditional is stated openly — if you do not turn your face away from the poor, God's face will not be turned away from you. Generosity is presented as the human side of a reciprocal relationship with God.
Verse 8 removes the standard excuse for not giving: the size of one's estate. Whether one's possessions are many or few, the gift should be proportional; the one with little is expressly told not to be afraid to give. Verse 9 then names the result of such giving: a good treasure laid up against the day of necessity. Almsgiving is framed not as loss but as deposit.
Verses 10-11 describe what that treasure does. Charity delivers from death and keeps the giver from entering darkness, and it is called an excellent offering in the presence of the Most High. The passage uses temple-language ("offering," "in the presence of the Most High") to elevate almsgiving to the level of a sacrificial act done before God.
背景
Tobit 4:7-11 sits inside the larger deathbed instruction Tobit gives his son Tobias (Tobit 4:3-19). The surrounding verses root almsgiving in remembering God and living uprightly: Tobit first commands his son to remember the Lord, refrain from sin, and live uprightly (4:5-6), and only then moves into almsgiving (4:7-11), followed by warnings about marriage, pride, and the prompt payment of wages (4:12-16). The ethical teachings form a single continuous farewell, with almsgiving as its most extended single topic.
The wider chapter reinforces the same ethic. Verse 16 repeats in another form: give bread to the hungry, clothing to the naked, share your surplus, and do not give with a grudging eye — echoing verse 7's phrase about the eye that begrudges the gift. Within the chapter itself, almsgiving is therefore not a passing remark but a recurring thread of Tobit's farewell instruction.
常见问题
Who is being addressed in Tobit 4:7-11?
The speaker is the elderly Tobit, giving deathbed instruction to his son Tobias at the beginning of chapter 4.
Does the passage say almsgiving saves a person from death?
Verse 10 states that charity delivers from death and keeps the giver from entering darkness. The verse uses the word "charity" rather than specifying the mechanism, and the next verse calls such charity an excellent offering in the presence of the Most High.
Is giving limited to those who live uprightly?
Verse 7 directs the gift to all who live uprightly, while verses 10-11 speak of charity in general terms as an offering before the Most High. Verse 8-9 generalize further by tying the duty to the size of one's possessions, not the recipient's character.