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申命记 6 章 —— 示玛与对神的爱

申命记 6 章汇集了圣约的核心义务:敬畏耶和华,遵守祂的诫命,全心全意爱祂,并将祂的话语传给下一代。

经文

1.這是耶和華 ─ 你們　神所吩咐教訓你們的誡命、律例、典章，使你們在所要過去得為業的地上遵行，Now this is the commandment, the statutes, and the ordinances, which Jehovah your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it;
2.好叫你和你子子孫孫一生敬畏耶和華 ─ 你的　神，謹守他的一切律例誡命，就是我所吩咐你的，使你的日子得以長久。that thou mightest fear Jehovah thy God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son's son, all the days of thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged.
3.以色列阿，你要聽，要謹守遵行，使你可以在那流奶與蜜之地得以享福，人數極其增多，正如耶和華 ─ 你列祖的　神所應許你的。Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as Jehovah, the God of thy fathers, hath promised unto thee, in a land flowing with milk and honey.
4.以色列阿，你要聽！耶和華 ─ 我們　神是獨一的主。Hear, O Israel: Jehovah our God is one Jehovah:
5.你要盡心、盡性、盡力愛耶和華 ─ 你的　神。and thou shalt love Jehovah thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.
6.我今日所吩咐你的話都要記在心上，And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be upon thy heart;
7.也要殷勤教訓你的兒女。無論你坐在家裡，行在路上，躺下，起來，都要談論。and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.
8.也要繫在手上為記號，戴在額上為經文；And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes.
9.又要寫在你房屋的門框上，並你的城門上。And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates.
10.耶和華 ─ 你的　神領你進他向你列祖亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各起誓應許給你的地。那裡有城邑，又大又美，非你所建造的；And it shall be, when Jehovah thy God shall bring thee into the land which he sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give thee, great and goodly cities, which thou buildest not,
11.有房屋，裝滿各樣美物，非你所裝滿的；有鑿成的水井，非你所鑿成的；還有葡萄園、橄欖園，非你所栽種的；你吃了而且飽足。and houses full of all good things, which thou filledst not, and cisterns hewn out, which thou hewedst not, vineyards and olive-trees, which thou plantedst not, and thou shalt eat and be full;
12.那時你要謹慎，免得你忘記將你從埃及地、為奴之家領出來的耶和華。then beware lest thou forget Jehovah, who brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
13.你要敬畏耶和華 ─ 你的　神，事奉他，指著他的名起誓。Thou shalt fear Jehovah thy God; and him shalt thou serve, and shalt swear by his name.
14.不可隨從別　神，就是你們四圍國民的　神；Ye shall not go after other gods, of the gods of the peoples that are round about you;
15.因為在你們中間的耶和華 ─ 你　神是忌邪的　神，惟恐耶和華 ─ 你　神的怒氣向你發作，就把你從地上除滅。for Jehovah thy God in the midst of thee is a jealous God; lest the anger of Jehovah thy God be kindled against thee, and he destroy thee from off the face of the earth.
16.你們不可試探耶和華 ─ 你們的　神，像你們在瑪撒那樣試探他。Ye shall not tempt Jehovah your God, as ye tempted him in Massah.
17.要留意遵守耶和華 ─ 你們　神所吩咐的誡命、法度、律例。Ye shall diligently keep the commandments of Jehovah your God, and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he hath commanded thee.
18.耶和華眼中看為正、看為善的，你都要遵行，使你可以享福，並可以進去得耶和華向你列祖起誓應許的那美地，And thou shalt do that which is right and good in the sight of Jehovah; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest go in and possess the good land which Jehovah sware unto thy fathers,
19.照耶和華所說的，從你面前攆出你的一切仇敵。to thrust out all thine enemies from before thee, as Jehovah hath spoken.
20.日後，你的兒子問你說：耶和華 ─ 我們　神吩咐你們的這些法度、律例、典章是甚麼意思呢？When thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What mean the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which Jehovah our God hath commanded you?
21.你就告訴你的兒子說：我們在埃及作過法老的奴僕；耶和華用大能的手將我們從埃及領出來，then thou shalt say unto thy son, We were Pharaoh's bondmen in Egypt: and Jehovah brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand;
22.在我們眼前，將重大可怕的神蹟奇事施行在埃及地和法老並他全家的身上，and Jehovah showed signs and wonders, great and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his house, before our eyes;
23.將我們從那裡領出來，要領我們進入他向我們列祖起誓應許之地，把這地賜給我們。and he brought us out from thence, that he might bring us in, to give us the land which he sware unto our fathers.
24.耶和華又吩咐我們遵行這一切律例，要敬畏耶和華 ─ 我們的　神，使我們常得好處，蒙他保全我們的生命，像今日一樣。And Jehovah commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear Jehovah our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as at this day.
25.我們若照耶和華 ─ 我們　神所吩咐的一切誡命謹守遵行，這就是我們的義了。And it shall be righteousness unto us, if we observe to do all this commandment before Jehovah our God, as he hath commanded us.

这段经文的意思

本章开篇在三个标题之下汇集以色列的责任——诫命、律例、典章——其赐下是为了使百姓在他们即将进入之地遵行(1 节)。所表明的目的有双重:敬畏耶和华,并使他们世世代代遵守祂的律例,以致日子得以长久(2 节)。这表明,顺服并非仪文上的形式,而是人对那位正引领以色列进入流奶与蜜之地之神应有的回应(3 节)。

4–5 节构成众所周知的核心告白,即示玛。"耶和华我们的神是独一的耶和华"这一肯定,与全心全意、尽性、尽力爱祂的呼召相辅相成。神之独一性成为所要求之全心之爱的根基:正因为惟有祂是神,整个人便完全属于祂。6–9 节随即从告白转入传承:这些话语要存在心里,殷勤教导儿女,在日常生活中随时述说,系在手上为记号,戴在额上为经文,并写在门框与城门上。

下半章则警告以色列在安居之后不可忘记神,那地有他们未曾建造之房屋、未曾凿成之水井、未曾栽种之葡萄园(10–11 节)。其危险在于因富足而忘记那位曾将他们从埃及拯救出来的耶和华(12 节)。本章以一段教导问答的方式收尾:将来有子嗣问起这些律例的缘由,答案便重述出埃及、对埃及所施的大能作为,以及这些律例之目的——使以色列敬畏耶和华而得益处,并使这顺服在祂面前算为义(20–25 节)。

背景

经筛选的本章注释将此章定位为"示玛与对神的爱"。本章内部,两个场景框定了这一教导。其一,以色列被视作一群即将进入应许之地的人(1、3、10–11 节)。其二,家庭场景尤为突出:这些话语要教导儿女,在居所坐时、行路时、躺下时、起来时都要述说(6–7 节);而问答的形式则预示着将来一代会询问这些律例的内涵(20–25 节)。

本章呈现出一种从对耶和华的专一忠诚(4–5、13–15 节),到持续传扬祂的话语(6–9 节),再到警惕在富足中忘记祂(10–12 节),再到以敬畏神、遵守诫命、行走在公义中为标志之圣约信实的运动(13–19、24–25 节)。这些经文亦回溯米利巴以往之失败(16 节)与从埃及之拯救(21–23 节),作为当下顺服的道德背景。

原文关键词

H4687 1 节用以指"诫命"的 H4687(miṣwāh),意指在上位者所颁具约束力之指令,此处即摩西交付以色列、在他们将进入之地遵行之指令。
H2706 1 节中的 H2706(ḥuqqîm,"律例")指已订立、具任命之效力的条例——以色列在所居之地其生活所当遵循的既定界限。
H3372 2 节使用 H3372(yārēʾ,"敬畏")来表达对耶和华的敬畏——并非单纯的恐惧,而是激发听者使其世世代代遵守祂一切律例的虔敬之情。

常见问题

申命记 6:4 中的示玛是什么?

申命记 6:4 如此写道:"听啊,以色列!耶和华我们的神,耶和华是独一的。"这是对神之独一性的告白,与 5 节中要尽心、尽性、尽力爱祂的命令相互呼应。经文本身将这一告白视为全然之爱的根基。

本章如何将顺服与敬畏神、爱神相联结?

1–2 节将律例的颁布框定为使以色列敬畏耶和华并遵守祂诫命的根据。4–5 节继而将这种敬畏置于对独一耶和华的专一之爱中。13 节与 17–18 节进一步强化这一联结:敬畏神、事奉祂、指着祂的名起誓、殷勤遵守祂的律例、行祂眼中看为正的事,皆被呈现为一个不可分割的整体回应。

本章为何警告以色列进入那地之后不可忘记耶和华?

10–12 节描绘以色列住在非自己所建之城邑,住非自己所装满之房屋,用非自己所凿之水井,享非自己所种之葡萄园,随后便得以饱足。在如此情境中,经文警戒说,百姓务须谨慎,不可忘记那位将他们领出埃及、脱离为奴之家的耶和华。这警告将那富足本身转化为记念救赎主的契机。

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申命记 6 章 —— 示玛与对神的爱

经文

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背景

原文关键词

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