经文研读
Matthew 5:21-32 — Anger, Lust, and Divorce
Jesus sharpens the sixth and seventh commandments by tracing murder back to anger and adultery back to lust, then addresses divorce within the same call for inner righteousness.
经文
- 21.你 們 聽 見 有 吩 咐 古 人 的 話 ， 說 ： 不 可 殺 人 ； 又 說 ： 凡 殺 人 的 難 免 受 審 判 。Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:
- 22.只 是 我 告 訴 你 們 ： 凡 （ 有 古 卷 在 凡 字 下 加 ： 無 緣 無 故 地 ） 向 弟 兄 動 怒 的 ， 難 免 受 審 斷 ； 凡 罵 弟 兄 是 拉 加 的 ， 難 免 公 會 的 審 斷 ； 凡 罵 弟 兄 是 魔 利 的 ， 難 免 地 獄 的 火 。but I say unto you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.
- 23.所 以 ， 你 在 祭 壇 上 獻 禮 物 的 時 候 ， 若 想 起 弟 兄 向 你 懷 怨 ，If therefore thou art offering thy gift at the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee,
- 24.就 把 禮 物 留 在 壇 前 ， 先 去 同 弟 兄 和 好 ， 然 後 來 獻 禮 物 。leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
- 25.你 同 告 你 的 對 頭 還 在 路 上 ， 就 趕 緊 與 他 和 息 ， 恐 怕 他 把 你 送 給 審 判 官 ， 審 判 官 交 付 衙 役 ， 你 就 下 在 監 裡 了 。Agree with thine adversary quickly, while thou art with him in the way; lest haply the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.
- 26.我 實 在 告 訴 你 ， 若 有 一 文 錢 沒 有 還 清 ， 你 斷 不 能 從 那 裡 出 來 。Verily I say unto thee, thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the last farthing.
- 27.你 們 聽 見 有 話 說 ： 不 可 姦 淫 。Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt not commit adultery:
- 28.只 是 我 告 訴 你 們 ， 凡 看 見 婦 女 就 動 淫 念 的 ， 這 人 心 裡 已 經 與 他 犯 姦 淫 了 。but I say unto you, that every one that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
- 29.若 是 你 的 右 眼 叫 你 跌 倒 ， 就 剜 出 來 丟 掉 ， 寧 可 失 去 百 體 中 的 一 體 ， 不 叫 全 身 丟 在 地 獄 裡 。And if thy right eye causeth thee to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell.
- 30.若 是 右 手 叫 你 跌 倒 ， 就 砍 下 來 丟 掉 ， 寧 可 失 去 百 體 中 的 一 體 ， 不 叫 全 身 下 入 地 獄 。And if thy right hand causeth thee to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body go into hell.
- 31.又 有 話 說 ： 人 若 休 妻 ， 就 當 給 他 休 書 。It was said also, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:
- 32.只 是 我 告 訴 你 們 ， 凡 休 妻 的 ， 若 不 是 為 淫 亂 的 緣 故 ， 就 是 叫 他 作 淫 婦 了 ； 人 若 娶 這 被 休 的 婦 人 ， 也 是 犯 姦 淫 了 。but I say unto you, that every one that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress: and whosoever shall marry her when she is put away committeth adultery.
这段经文的意思
Verses 21-22 set the pattern: Jesus cites the received commandment (You have heard that it was said) and then adds His own demand (but I say unto you). The target is not the act alone but the heart behind it. Anger against a brother is placed in the same column as murder, contemptuous speech (Raca, fool) is treated as a step toward the same judgment, and the escalating language (judgment, council, hell of fire) shows the seriousness of inner hostility, not just bodily harm.
Verses 23-26 extend that seriousness into action: if a worshiper remembers that a brother has something against him, the gift must wait until reconciliation comes first. The reason is given in legal imagery — once the matter reaches the judge, the defendant is handed to the officer and locked up until the last farthing is paid. The point is that unresolved relational debt compounds; reconciliation is not optional compared to ritual worship.
Verses 27-32 apply the same logic to the seventh commandment. Adultery is no longer only the act; the look that lusts after a woman has already committed it in the heart. Because the impulse is already sin, radical measures (pluck out the eye, cut off the hand) are pressed as hyperbolic calls to deal with temptation before it bears fruit. On divorce, Jesus narrows the Mosaic permission: putting away a wife without the cause of fornication forces her into adultery, and marrying a divorced woman amounts to adultery, so marriage is treated as a binding covenant that the heart, not just the paperwork, must honor.
背景
The passage sits inside the Sermon on the Mount, right after the Beatitudes and the call to be salt and light. Verses 17-20 frame what follows: Jesus does not set aside the law or the prophets but fulfils them, and His disciples must exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees to enter the kingdom. Matthew 5:21-32 is the first concrete demonstration of that exceeding righteousness, moving from external obedience to the disposition of the heart.
Verses 33-48 continue the same pattern with oaths, retaliation, and love of enemies, so the unit on murder, adultery, and divorce is the opening example of a sixfold repetition of Ye have heard…but I say unto you. The chapter closes with the command to be perfect as the heavenly Father is perfect, which serves as the capstone that the earlier demands all point toward.
原文关键词
- G3710 The verb orgizómenos describes a present middle/passive participle — being angered, harboring anger — rather than a momentary flash. Jesus extends the sixth commandment to include the ongoing disposition, not just the outburst.
- G4469 Raká is an Aramaic term of contempt rendered O empty one, treated in the passage as a verbal sin that escalates the judgment beyond mere anger to the council.
- G1777 Enochos means liable to a penalty. Jesus uses it for anger, for Raca, and for fool, layering the judicial language so that each step of unchecked hostility carries a heavier verdict.
常见问题
Is Jesus abolishing the law in Matthew 5:21-32?
Does the exception for fornication in verse 32 mean divorce is permitted?
Should the command to pluck out an eye or cut off a hand be taken literally?