《便西拉智训》24:1–34——智慧的自我显明与在以色列的居住

人格化的智慧赞美自己,描述她源自至高者、寻找安歇之处、定居在雅各,随后被等同于摩西律法。

经文

  1. 1.智慧将自我赞美,并在她的人民中间夸耀自己。Wisdom will praise herself, and will glory in the midst of her people.
  2. 2.在至高者的集会中,她将开口,在他的军队面前,她将夸耀:In the assembly of the Most High she will open her mouth, and in the presence of his host she will glory:
  3. 3.我从至高者的口中出来,像雾一样覆盖大地。“I came forth from the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth like a mist.
  4. 4.我住在高处,我的宝座在云柱中。I dwelt in high places, and my throne was in a pillar of cloud.
  5. 5.独自我游历过天空的穹顶,也曾行走在深渊的深处。Alone I have made the circuit of the vault of heaven and have walked in the depths of the abyss.
  6. 6.在海的波浪中,在全地上,以及在各人和各国中,我都得了产业。In the waves of the sea, in the whole earth, and in every people and nation I have gotten a possession.
  7. 7.在这一切之中,我寻求一个安息之处,我寻求在谁的境界里我可以寄居。Among all these I sought a resting place; I sought in whose territory I might lodge.
  8. 8.“那时,万物的创造主吩咐我,造我的那位指定我帐幕的位置。他说,‘你要在雅各中居住,在以色列中承受你的产业。’”“Then the Creator of all things gave me a commandment, and the one who created me assigned a place for my tent. And he said, ‘Make your dwelling in Jacob, and in Israel receive your inheritance.’
  9. 9.从永恒中,在开始时,他创造了我,直到永远,我都不会停止存在。From eternity, in the beginning, he created me, and for eternity I shall not cease to exist.
  10. 10.我在圣所中侍奉他,因此我在锡安得以坚立。In the holy tabernacle I ministered before him, and so I was established in Zion.
  11. 11.在所爱的城里,他也给我一个安息的地方,在耶路撒冷就是我的统治。In the beloved city likewise he gave me a resting place, and in Jerusalem was my dominion.
  12. 12.于是,我在受尊敬的民中扎根,在耶和华的份中,因为这是他们的产业。So I took root in an honored people, in the portion of the Lord, who is their inheritance.
  13. 13.我像黎巴嫩的香柏树一样长大,也像黑门山的柏树一样。“I grew tall like a cedar in Leb′anon, and like a cypress on the heights of Hermon.
  14. 14.我在恩革迪像棕榈树一样长大,在耶利哥像玫瑰丛一样,在田野里像美丽的橄榄树一样长大,我像一棵白蜡树一样长大。I grew tall like a palm tree in En-ged′i, and like rose plants in Jericho; like a beautiful olive tree in the field, and like a plane tree I grew tall.
  15. 15.我像桂皮和骆驼荆一样发出香气,如同上等的没药,我散发着令人愉悦的香气,像乳香、没药和香膏,像在圣所中焚烧的乳香一样发出香气。Like cassia and camel’s thorn I gave forth the aroma of spices, and like choice myrrh I spread a pleasant odor, like gal′banum, on′ycha, and stacte, and like the fragrance of frankincense in the tabernacle.
  16. 16.我像松树一样伸展我的枝子,我的枝子荣美有德。Like a terebinth I spread out my branches, and my branches are glorious and graceful.
  17. 17.我像葡萄树一样,使可爱之物萌芽,我的花开得荣美,结果丰富。Like a vine I caused loveliness to bud, and my blossoms became glorious and abundant fruit.
  18. 19.“你们这些渴慕我的人,来到我这里,吃饱我的出产。“Come to me, you who desire me, and eat your fill of my produce.
  19. 20.记念我比蜜甜,我的遗产比蜂房更甜。For the remembrance of me is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance sweeter than the honeycomb.
  20. 21.吃我的人会更加饥饿,喝我的人会更加渴望。Those who eat me will hunger for more, and those who drink me will thirst for more.
  21. 22.凡听从我的,不会蒙羞;与我同工的,也不会有罪。Whoever obeys me will not be put to shame, and those who work with my help will not sin.”
  22. 23.智慧和律法 这一切都是至高上帝的盟约书,是摩西传给我们雅各会众作为遗产的律法。Wisdom and the Law All this is the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us as an inheritance for the congregations of Jacob.
  23. 25.它使人充满智慧,像比逊河一样,像收初熟果子的时节的底格里斯河一样。It fills men with wisdom, like the Pishon, and like the Tigris at the time of the first fruits.
  24. 26.使他们充满了悟性,像幼发拉底河一样,像收获季节的约旦河一样。It makes them full of understanding, like the Euphrates, and like the Jordan at harvest time.
  25. 27.使训诫发光如光,像割葡萄的时候的基训河。It makes instruction shine forth like light, like the Gihon at the time of vintage.
  26. 28.就像第一人尚未完全了解她,最后一个人也没有完全领悟她;Just as the first man did not know her perfectly, the last one has not fathomed her;
  27. 29.她的心思比海还广阔,她的谋略比大深渊还深。for her thought is more abundant than the sea, and her counsel deeper than the great abyss.
  28. 30.我像河流中的运河一样,像水渠进入园中。I went forth like a canal from a river and like a water channel into a garden.
  29. 31.我说:“我要浇灌我的葡萄园,浇透我的花园。”却不知不觉我的水渠变成河,我的河又变成海。I said, “I will water my orchard and drench my garden plot”; and lo, my canal became a river, and my river became a sea.
  30. 32.我又要使教训发如晨光,远远地使人明白;I will again make instruction shine forth like the dawn, and I will make it shine afar;
  31. 33.我将再次倾倒教诲,如同预言,并将其留给所有后代。I will again pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all future generations.
  32. 34.请注意,我所做的不仅是为自己,也是为所有寻求教诲的人。Observe that I have not labored for myself alone, but for all who seek instruction.

这段经文的意思

智慧以第一人称说话,在至高者的集会中开口赞美自己。这种自我赞美并非傲慢,而是在上帝天庭中作出的宣告性言说;在其中,智慧追溯自己直接源自至高者的口,并追溯她临在于整个受造秩序——诸天穹苍、深渊、海中的波浪,以及万民万族(第1–6节)。这段经文将智慧描绘为一位先存的行动者,与受造界本身相伴,如同覆盖大地的雾气。

在列国中寻找安歇之处后,智慧领受神圣的命令,要住在雅各中,并以以色列为她的产业(第7–12节)。随后,她“被建立在锡安”,并在耶路撒冷被赐予权柄,使她在圣所中的临在定位于神圣的帐幕和蒙爱的城。诗歌从宇宙范围转向特定的礼仪和民族地点,表明智慧的普世触及在上帝立约子民中、在敬拜之处找到了具体居所。

言说的后半部分从意象转向邀请。智慧被比作高耸的树木——香柏木、柏树、棕榈、橄榄、梧桐和葡萄树——又被比作香气充满帐幕的芬芳香料(第13–17节)。随后,她邀请听众“来”,吃喝,并应许顺服不会带来羞耻,凡领受的人只会越发饥渴(第19–22节)。结尾几节将“这一切”等同于约书和摩西所吩咐的律法,将其教导比作四条大河,并得出结论:智慧劳苦不单为自己,也为所有寻求训诲的人(第23–34节)。

背景

《便西拉智训》第24章被呈现为单独的一章,其中智慧发表一段连续的言说;本书前后的章节在此并未提供,因此这段经文按其自身脉络来阅读,作为《箴言》第8章的对应篇章。编者注将其认定为智慧的自我显明,把她的居所定位在以色列和圣殿中。

在本章内部,从宇宙起源(第1–6节)到奉命居住在雅各(第7–12节),最后到与摩西律法等同(第23–34节)的推进,构成了结构主干。第25–27节的河流意象和第30–31节的花园意象,将律法勾勒为一股赐生命的活流,从水道涨成大海。

常见问题

为什么智慧以第一人称谈论自己?

这段言说设定在至高者的集会中,智慧在那里作为神圣的代言人,见证自己的起源、寻找和奉命居住。这种自我赞美是一种文学手法,用来揭示智慧是谁以及她被安置在何处,与《箴言》第8章相呼应,而非表达个人的骄傲。

在本章中,智慧与摩西律法有何关系?

结尾部分将“这一切”——智慧关于自己的言说——等同于约书和摩西所吩咐、作为雅各会众产业赐下的律法(第23节)。随后的河流和花园意象将律法描绘为智慧的具体体现和渠道。

树木和香料的意象对这段经文有何贡献?

树木的序列(香柏木、柏树、棕榈、橄榄、梧桐、葡萄树)以及圣殿香料的清单,呈现智慧既威严又赐生命,在帐幕中散发芬芳,并为亲近她的人结出果实。这些意象强化了第19–22节的邀请:来,吃,并喝她所出产的。

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