希腊原文词研究
Hina (ἵνα) — Meaning & Usage in the Bible
Hina is a conjunction that introduces a clause of purpose ('in order that'), result ('so that'), or content ('that'), shaping much of the New Testament's theological and ethical teaching.
这个词的意思
In classical Greek, ἵνα began as an adverb of place or circumstance ('where,' 'when'), but in Koine Greek its dominant function is as a conjunction. Its primary force is final: it introduces a clause that states the purpose or goal of the action described in the main verb. The KJV captures this sense in phrases such as 'to the intent that,' 'so that,' and 'that.'
Beyond purpose, ἵνα also appears in two extended uses. In a definitive sense, it can stand where classical Greek would use the infinitive, effectively meaning 'that' after verbs of wishing, asking, commanding, or after expressions of what is fitting (e.g. Matthew 7:12, Matthew 8:8). In late Koine, it is used ecbatically, introducing a clause of actual result ('so that'), as seen in the recurring prophetic fulfillment formula 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ' (Matthew 1:22, Matthew 2:14).
在圣经里的用法
Hina occurs 539 times across the New Testament, and its uses fall into recognizable patterns. It frames Jesus' ethical teaching: 'Judge not, that ye be not judged' (Matthew 7:1) and 'All things therefore whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you…' (Matthew 7:12). It introduces reported speech and requests: the tempter's challenge, 'command that these stones become bread' (Matthew 4:3), and the centurion's plea, 'I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof' (Matthew 8:8).
It is also the hinge of Matthew's fulfillment quotations: 'that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet' (Matthew 1:22; Matthew 2:14; Matthew 12:17). In these passages ἵνα signals that a narrative event occurs so that an earlier prophetic word comes true. Readers should notice that ἵνα is not always strictly purpose — sometimes it conveys result or content, so the surrounding context determines the precise translation.
词条详解
- G2443 Hina is a conjunction introducing clauses of purpose, result, or content; it is the standard New Testament Greek construction for 'in order that / that / so that,' with 539 occurrences.
示例经文
- Matthew 1:22 A paradigm of the fulfillment formula: 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ' introduces the prophetic word being fulfilled, marking the event as the result that brings Scripture to pass.
- Matthew 7:1 Hina here is purpose: the command not to judge has the goal that the speaker likewise not be judged.
- Matthew 7:12 Hina functions definitionally after 'ye would,' where classical Greek would use an infinitive; it means 'that' in the sense of content.
- Matthew 8:8 After 'worthy,' ἵνα introduces the content of what the centurion considers himself unworthy of; an infinitive would be expected in classical Greek.
常见问题
Is hina always translated 'in order that'?
No. While its primary force is purpose ('in order that'), it also introduces clauses of result ('so that') and content ('that'). The context determines the right rendering.
What is the difference between hina and ὥστε?
Both can introduce result clauses in Koine Greek, but ὥστε is the classical result conjunction, while hina primarily marks purpose and only secondarily result in late usage.
Why do many fulfill-ment quotations in Matthew begin with hina?
Matthew uses the phrase 'ἵνα πληρωθῇ' to show that an event took place so that a prophetic word would be fulfilled, presenting the fulfillment as the result God intended.