매일의 양식: 하늘에서 만나를 내리시는 하나님을 신뢰하라
광야에서 원망할 때, 하나님은 만나로 그의 백성의 두려움에 응답하셨다—그의 신실함은 우리가 신뢰하도록 부르시지, 모아 두도록 부르시지 않는다.
엘림에서 출발하여 이스라엘 온 공동체가 애굽 땅에서 나온 지 둘째 달 보름 날, 곧 엘림과 시내 산 사이에 있는 신 광야에 이르렀다. 그 광야에서 이스라엘 온 공동체가 모세와 아론을 향하여 불평하였다. 이스라엘 자손이 그들에게 이르렊, "우리가 애굽 땅에서 고기 가마 옆에 앉아서 배불리 떡을 먹던 때에 여호와의 손으로 죽었더라면 좋았을 것을, 당신들이 우리를 이 광야로 끌어내려서 이 온 회중을 굶어 죽이려 하는도다" 하였더라. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 "내가 너희 위에 하늘이 하늘이 하늘에서 빗나가게 하리니 백성이 나가서 날날이 그날 필요한 양을 거두게 하리라. 이는 내가 그들을 시험하여 내 법도를 따르겠는지 보려 함이라. On however the sixth day, when they apportion what they have brought in, it shall prove to be double the amount they gather each day." So Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites, "By evening you shall know it was GOD who brought you out from the land of Egypt; and in the morning you shall behold the Presence of GOD, who has heard your grumblings against GOD. For who are we that you should grumble against us? Since it is GOD," Moses continued, "who will give you flesh to eat in the evening and bread in the morning to the full—because GOD has heard the grumblings you utter—what is our part? Your grumbling is against GOD, not against us!" Then Moses said to Aaron, "Say to the whole Israelite community: Advance toward GOD, who has heard your grumbling." And as Aaron spoke to the whole Israelite community, they turned toward the wilderness, and there, in a cloud, appeared the Presence of GOD. Then the LORD spoke to Moses saying: "I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Speak to them and say: By evening you shall eat flesh, and in the morning you shall have your fill of bread; and you shall know that I the ETERNAL am your God." In the evening quail appeared and covered the camp; in the morning there was a fall of dew about the camp. When the fall of dew lifted, there, over the surface of the wilderness, lay a fine and flaky substance, as fine as frost on the ground. When the Israelites saw it, they said to one another, "What is it?"—for they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, "That is the bread that GOD has given you to eat. This is what GOD has commanded: Each household shall gather as much as it requires to eat—an omer to a person for as many of you as there are; each household shall fetch according to those in its tent." The Israelites did so, some gathering much, some little. But when they measured it by the omer, anyone who had gathered much had no excess, and anyone who had gathered little had no deficiency: each household had gathered as much as it needed to eat. And Moses said to them, "Let no one leave any of it over until morning." But they paid no attention to Moses; some of them left of it until morning, and it became infested with maggots and stank. And Moses was angry with them. So they gathered it every morning, as much as each one needed to eat; for when the sun grew hot, it would melt. On the sixth day they gathered double the amount of food, two omers for each; and when all the chieftains of the community came and told Moses, he said to them, "This is what GOD meant: Tomorrow is a day of rest, a holy sabbath of GOD. Bake what you would bake and boil what you would boil; and all that is left put aside to be kept until morning." So they put it aside until morning, as Moses had ordered; and it did not turn foul, and there were no maggots in it. Then Moses said, "Eat it today, for today is a sabbath of GOD; you will not find it today on the plain. Six days you shall gather it; on the seventh day, the sabbath, there will be none." Yet some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather, but they found nothing. And GOD said to Moses, "How long will you all refuse to obey My commandments and My teachings? Mark that it is GOD who, having given you the sabbath, therefore gives you two days' food on the sixth day. Let everyone remain in place: let no one leave the vicinity on the seventh day." So the people remained inactive on the seventh day. The house of Israel named it manna; it was like coriander seed, white, and it tasted like wafers in honey. Moses said, "This is what GOD has commanded: Let one omer of it be kept throughout the ages, in order that they may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out from the land of Egypt." And Moses said to Aaron, "Take a jar, put one omer of manna in it, and place it before GOD, to be kept throughout the ages." As GOD had commanded Moses, Aaron placed it before the Pact, to be kept. And the Israelites ate manna forty years, until they came to a settled land; they ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. The omer is a tenth of an ephah.
출애굽기 16:1–20은 엘림을 떠난 후 이스라엘이 광야에서 처음 불평한 기록을 담고 있다. 하나님의 응답은 공급과 시험이 동시에였다. 즉, 매일의 신뢰를 요구하는 매일의 양식이었다. 본문은 의도적으로 그 선물이 순종에 연결되어 있음을 강조한다. '이같이 그들이 내 명령을 따르며 행하는지 그들을 시험하고자 함이라'(공동번역). 이 본문은 예수님의 나중 기원, '오늘 우리에게 일용할 양식을 주옵소서'(마태복음 6:11)의 신학적 토대를 형성한다.