章节研读

士师记第6章——基甸蒙召

以色列陷入米甸人长达七年的压迫，哀声求告，耶和华便兴起基甸；尽管基甸心存畏惧、自我怀疑，却蒙应许必有神的同在，并被圣灵赋予能力。

经文

1.以色列人又行耶和華眼中看為惡的事，耶和華就把他們交在米甸人手裡七年。And the children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah: and Jehovah delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
2.米甸人壓制以色列人；以色列人因為米甸人，就在山中挖穴、挖洞、建造營寨。And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.
3.以色列人每逢撒種之後，米甸人、亞瑪力人，和東方人都上來攻打他們，And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east; they came up against them;
4.對著他們安營，毀壞土產，直到迦薩，沒有給以色列人留下食物，牛、羊、驢也沒有留下；and they encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.
5.因為那些人帶著牲畜帳棚來，像蝗蟲那樣多，人和駱駝無數，都進入國內，毀壞全地。For they came up with their cattle and their tents; they came in as locusts for multitude; both they and their camels were without number: and they came into the land to destroy it.
6.以色列人因米甸人的緣故，極其窮乏，就呼求耶和華。And Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried unto Jehovah.
7.以色列人因米甸人的緣故，呼求耶和華，And it came to pass, when the children of Israel cried unto Jehovah because of Midian,
8.耶和華就差遣先知到以色列人那裡，對他們說：耶和華 ─ 以色列的　神如此說：我曾領你們從埃及上來，出了為奴之家，that Jehovah sent a prophet unto the children of Israel: and he said unto them, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you forth out of the house of bondage;
9.救你們脫離埃及人的手，並脫離一切欺壓你們之人的手，把他們從你們面前趕出，將他們的地賜給你們；and I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all that oppressed you, and drove them out from before you, and gave you their land;
10.又對你們說：我是耶和華 ─ 你們的　神。你們住在亞摩利人的地，不可敬畏他們的　神。你們竟不聽從我的話。and I said unto you, I am Jehovah your God; ye shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell. But ye have not hearkened unto my voice.
11.耶和華的使者到了俄弗拉，坐在亞比以謝族人約阿施的橡樹下。約阿施的兒子基甸正在酒醡那裡打麥子，為要防備米甸人。And the angel of Jehovah came, and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that pertained unto Joash the Abiezrite: and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.
12.耶和華的使者向基甸顯現，對他說：大能的勇士啊，耶和華與你同在！And the angel of Jehovah appeared unto him, and said unto him, Jehovah is with thee, thou mighty man of valor.
13.基甸說：主啊，耶和華若與我們同在，我們何至遭遇這一切事呢？我們的列祖不是向我們說耶和華領我們從埃及上來麼？他那樣奇妙的作為在哪裡呢？現在他卻丟棄我們，將我們交在米甸人手裡。And Gideon said unto him, Oh, my lord, if Jehovah is with us, why then is all this befallen us? and where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, Did not Jehovah bring us up from Egypt? but now Jehovah hath cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.
14.耶和華觀看基甸，說：你靠著你這能力去從米甸人手裡拯救以色列人，不是我差遣你去的麼？And Jehovah looked upon him, and said, Go in this thy might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian: have not I sent thee?
15.基甸說：主啊，我有何能拯救以色列人呢？我家在瑪拿西支派中是至貧窮的。我在我父家是至微小的。And he said unto him, Oh, Lord, wherewith shall I save Israel? behold, my family is the poorest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father's house.
16.耶和華對他說：我與你同在，你就必擊打米甸人，如擊打一人一樣。And Jehovah said unto him, Surely I will be with thee, and thou shalt smite the Midianites as one man.
17.基甸說：我若在你眼前蒙恩，求你給我一個證據，使我知道與我說話的就是主。And he said unto him, If now I have found favor in thy sight, then show me a sign that it is thou that talkest with me.
18.求你不要離開這裡，等我歸回將禮物帶來供在你面前。主說：我必等你回來。Depart not hence, I pray thee, until I come unto thee, and bring forth my present, and lay it before thee. And he said, I will tarry until thou come again.
19.基甸去預備了一隻山羊羔，用一伊法細麵做了無酵餅，將肉放在筐內，把湯盛在壺中，帶到橡樹下，獻在使者面前。And Gideon went in, and made ready a kid, and unleavened cakes of an ephah of meal: the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out unto him under the oak, and presented it.
20.神的使者吩咐基甸說：將肉和無酵餅放在這磐石上，把湯倒出來。他就這樣行了。And the angel of God said unto him, Take the flesh and the unleavened cakes, and lay them upon this rock, and pour out the broth. And he did so.
21.耶和華的使者伸出手內的杖，杖頭挨了肉和無酵餅，就有火從磐石中出來，燒盡了肉和無酵餅。耶和華的使者也就不見了。Then the angel of Jehovah put forth the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the flesh and the unleavened cakes; and there went up fire out of the rock, and consumed the flesh and the unleavened cakes; and the angel of Jehovah departed out of his sight.
22.基甸見他是耶和華的使者，就說：哀哉！主耶和華啊，我不好了，因為我覿面看見耶和華的使者。And Gideon saw that he was the angel of Jehovah; and Gideon said, Alas, O Lord Jehovah! forasmuch as I have seen the angel of Jehovah face to face.
23.耶和華對他說：你放心，不要懼怕，你必不至死。And Jehovah said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not: thou shalt not die.
24.於是基甸在那裡為耶和華築了一座壇，起名叫耶和華沙龍（就是耶和華賜平安的意思）。（這壇在亞比以謝族的俄弗拉直到如今。）Then Gideon built an altar there unto Jehovah, and called it Jehovah-shalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
25.當那夜，耶和華吩咐基甸說：你取你父親的牛來，就是（或譯：和）那七歲的第二隻牛，並拆毀你父親為巴力所築的壇，砍下壇旁的木偶，And it came to pass the same night, that Jehovah said unto him, Take thy father's bullock, even the second bullock seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and cut down the Asherah that is by it;
26.在這磐石（原文是保障）上整整齊齊地為耶和華 ─ 你的　神築一座壇，將第二隻牛獻為燔祭，用你所砍下的木偶作柴。and build an altar unto Jehovah thy God upon the top of this stronghold, in the orderly manner, and take the second bullock, and offer a burnt-offering with the wood of the Asherah which thou shalt cut down.
27.基甸就從他僕人中挑了十個人，照著耶和華吩咐他的行了。他因怕父家和本城的人，不敢在白晝行這事，就在夜間行了。Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as Jehovah had spoken unto him: and it came to pass, because he feared his father's household and the men of the city, so that he could not do it by day, that he did it by night.
28.城裡的人清早起來，見巴力的壇拆毀，壇旁的木偶砍下，第二隻牛獻在新築的壇上，And when the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah was cut down that was by it, and the second bullock was offered upon the altar that was built.
29.就彼此說：這事是誰做的呢？他們訪查之後，就說：這是約阿施的兒子基甸做的。And they said one to another, Who hath done this thing? And when they inquired and asked, they said, Gideon the son of Joash hath done this thing.
30.城裡的人對約阿施說：將你兒子交出來，好治死他；因為他拆毀了巴力的壇，砍下壇旁的木偶。Then the men of the city said unto Joash, Bring out thy son, that he may die, because he hath broken down the altar of Baal, and because he hath cut down the Asherah that was by it.
31.約阿施回答站著攻擊他的眾人說：你們是為巴力爭論麼？你們要救他麼？誰為他爭論，趁早將誰治死！巴力若果是　神，有人拆毀他的壇，讓他為自己爭論罷！And Joash said unto all that stood against him, Will ye contend for Baal? Or will ye save him? he that will contend for him, let him be put to death whilst it is yet morning: if he be a god, let him contend for himself, because one hath broken down his altar.
32.所以當日人稱基甸為耶路巴力，意思說：他拆毀巴力的壇，讓巴力與他爭論。Therefore on that day he called him Jerubbaal, saying, Let Baal contend against him, because he hath broken down his altar.
33.那時，米甸人、亞瑪力人，和東方人都聚集過河，在耶斯列平原安營。Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
34.耶和華的靈降在基甸身上，他就吹角；亞比以謝族都聚集跟隨他。But the Spirit of Jehovah came upon Gideon; and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together after him.
35.他打發人走遍瑪拿西地，瑪拿西人也聚集跟隨他；又打發人去見亞設人、西布倫人、拿弗他利人，他們也都出來與他們會合。And he sent messengers throughout all Manasseh; and they also were gathered together after him: and he sent messengers unto Asher, and unto Zebulun, and unto Naphtali; and they came up to meet them.
36.基甸對　神說：你若果照著所說的話，藉我手拯救以色列人，And Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand, as thou hast spoken,
37.我就把一團羊毛放在禾場上：若單是羊毛上有露水，別的地方都是乾的，我就知道你必照著所說的話，藉我手拯救以色列人。behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing-floor; if there be dew on the fleece only, and it be dry upon all the ground, then shall I know that thou wilt save Israel by my hand, as thou hast spoken.
38.次日早晨基甸起來，見果然是這樣；將羊毛擠一擠，從羊毛中擰出滿盆的露水來。And it was so; for he rose up early on the morrow, and pressed the fleece together, and wrung the dew out of the fleece, a bowlful of water.
39.基甸又對　神說：求你不要向我發怒，我再說這一次：讓我將羊毛再試一次。但願羊毛是乾的，別的地方都有露水。And Gideon said unto God, Let not thine anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once: let me make trial, I pray thee, but this once with the fleece; let it now be dry only upon the fleece, and upon all the ground let there be dew.
40.這夜　神也如此行：獨羊毛上是乾的，別的地方都有露水。And God did so that night: for it was dry upon the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.

这段经文的意思

士师记第6章以本书中常见的循环开端：以色列行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，被交在米甸人手下七年，后来哀求拯救。本章刻意强调压迫之深——山中的洞穴、坑窑、堡垒，蝗虫般的入侵使百姓一无所有——描绘出一幅退缩求存的民族图景。这一幕为以下问题设下伏笔：耶和华是否仍为祂立约的子民行事。

中段聚焦于基甸的蒙召。他正在酒�里打麦子，藏起来不让抢夺者看见，这时耶和华的使者称他为“大能的勇士”，这称号与他当时的行动和自我认知形成强烈反差。基甸在第13节的回应道出了以色列身处危机时的神学呐喊：若耶和华与我们同在，这一切为何发生？本章并未轻忽此问，而是认真对待它，同时又推进呼召：“你凭此勇力前往……我不是差遣你了吗？”而“我必与你同在”便是本章的神学核心。

36至40节记载了两段羊毛的征兆，但本章刻意将其置于更广阔的神圣自我启示框架之中：从磐石中出来的火焚烧了基甸的祭物，坛被命名为耶和华沙仑（平安），耶和华的灵“披戴”在基甸身上（第34节）赋予他能力行事。羊毛的轶事在通俗阅读中常被孤立看待，实则属于一个序列：始于言语的安慰，经由神迹的印证，最终以圣灵赋能为顶峰——这是一幅层层递进、描绘神如何坚定一位勉为其难的拯救者的画像。

背景

本章背景设定于士师时代，约书亚那一代之后，那时以色列没有统一的君王，反复陷入偶像崇拜与政治压迫之中。此处所描述的米甸压迫异乎寻常地严酷：第1节标明这是耶和华直接的审判，第5节将入侵者比作蝗虫——这种比喻在旧约其他地方也用于表达压倒性、吞灭性的审判。第33节点出耶斯列山谷是即将展开之战的集结地，此战要到第7章才会得到解决。

本章的内在脉络从集体审判（1-10节）到个人呼召（11-24节），再到受恐惧考验的顺服（25-32节），再到受圣灵赋能的公开动员（33-35节），最终到通过征兆回应的个人疑虑（36-40节）。坛命名为耶和华沙仑，以及基甸改名为耶路巴力，构成文学上的对应：前者肯定耶和华赐平安，后者暴露巴力的无能。这两个主题都为读者预备了接下来胜利叙事的展开。

原文关键词

H7965 H7965是“我必与你同在”（亦作“耶和华与你同在”，第12节）及回应“我实在与你同在”（第16节）背后的希伯来动词。反复出现的同在应许——而非资源或地位——正是基甸蒙召的神学枢纽。
H1121 H1121（ben，“儿子”）出现在“以色列的众子”与“约阿施的儿子”之中。本章反复出现的父子之语，既在集体层面（“以色列，我的儿子”）也在个人层面（“约阿施的儿子，凭信作亚伯拉罕的儿子”）框定了此次蒙召。

常见问题

基甸既然相信耶和华，为何还抱怨神丢弃了以色列？

基甸在第13节所发之问并非无神论，而是立约群体中一种被允许的哀诉，在以色列的诗篇与先知书中皆有其位置。他以当下之苦难比照所记得的出埃及神迹，发现二者之间存在鸿沟。本章将此视为受压之下的真诚信仰，而非不信，并以同在作为回答：“我必与你同在。”

36至40节的两段羊毛征兆，是否是软弱信心的表现？

经文诚实地将它们呈现为一位谨慎的拯救者所求的征兆，并且明确预言了神的怒气（第39节）。它们并非基甸信心的根基——第14节的呼召和第16节的应许已经奠定了根基——而是为这位屡次被告知要在未见结果之前就行动之人所赐的额外印证。本章将这两段征兆置于一系列神圣自我启示之中，而非作为其替代。

基甸改名为耶路巴力，意义何在？

约阿施在6:32为其子取名耶路巴力，是为了揭露巴力：巴力若是真神，就让他为自己破碎的坛辩护吧。这一新名公开地将争竞从巴力的敬拜者转向巴力本身，并预示了基甸叙事后续所描绘的、对与巴力相关之权势的胜利。

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士师记第6章——基甸蒙召

经文

这段经文的意思

背景

原文关键词

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常见问题

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