多比传 2 — 慈善、损失与婚姻摩擦
多比埋葬了一位被杀的同胞,丧失了视力,随后与妻子安娜就她工钱之外额外得到的一只山羊发生争执。
多俾亚传
第2章
- 1.当我回到家里,我的妻子安娜和我的儿子托比亚斯归还给我,在五旬节,也就是七周的圣节的时候,人们为我准备了一顿好的晚餐,我坐下来吃。When I arrived home and my wife Anna and my son Tobi′as were restored to me, at the feast of Pentecost, which is the sacred festival of the seven weeks, a good dinner was prepared for me and I sat down to eat.
- 2.我看见食物很多,就对我的儿子说,去找我们兄弟中间任何一个记念主的穷人,带他来,我等你。Upon seeing the abundance of food I said to my son, “Go and bring whatever poor man of our brethren you may find who is mindful of the Lord, and I will wait for you.”
- 3.但他回来说:“父亲,我们的人中有一个被勒死并扔在市场上了。”But he came back and said, “Father, one of our people has been strangled and thrown into the market place.”
- 4.在我尝任何东西之前,我跳起来把尸体移到一个遮蔽的地方,直到日落。So before I tasted anything I sprang up and removed the body to a place of shelter until sunset.
- 5.我回来以后就洗了自己,吃了食物,但仍带着悲伤。And when I returned I washed myself and ate my food in sorrow.
- 6.然后我记起了阿摩司的预言,他说:“你们的宴乐必变为哀哭,你们一切的欢乐必变为哀歌。”于是我哭了。Then I remembered the prophecy of Amos, how he said, “Your feasts shall be turned into mourning, and all your festivities into lamentation.” And I wept.
- 7.托比失明 当太阳落下的时候,我去挖了一个坟墓并埋葬了尸体。Tobit Becomes Blind When the sun had set I went and dug a grave and buried the body.
- 8.我的邻居们嘲笑我,说:“他不怕再次因为这样而被处死;他曾经逃跑过,现在又回来埋葬死人了!”And my neighbors laughed at me and said, “He is no longer afraid that he will be put to death for doing this; he once ran away, and here he is burying the dead again!”
- 9.同夜我从埋葬他回来,因为我被玷污了,就在院子的墙旁睡觉,脸也没有遮盖。On the same night I returned from burying him, and because I was defiled I slept by the wall of the courtyard, and my face was uncovered.
- 10.我不知道墙上有麻雀,它们的新鲜粪便掉进了我的睁开的眼睛,我的眼睛上形成了白膜。我去找医生,但是他们没有帮助我。然而,阿希卡尔照顾我,直到他去以拖迈。I did not know that there were sparrows on the wall and their fresh droppings fell into my open eyes and white films formed on my eyes. I went to physicians, but they did not help me. Ahi′kar, however, took care of me until he went to Elyma′is.
- 11.托比特的妻子为家庭赚取生计 那时我的妻子安娜靠做女人的工作赚钱维持生活Tobit’s Wife Earns Their Livelihood Then my wife Anna earned money at women’s work.
- 12.她过去常常将产品送给主人,有一次当他们付给她工钱时,还给了她一只小羊;She used to send the product to the owners. Once when they paid her wages, they also gave her a kid;
- 13.她一回到我这里,小山羊就叫了起来。我对她说:“你从哪里得来的小山羊?这小山羊是不是偷来的?还是你从别人家里拿来的?把小山羊还给主人,因为吃偷来的东西是不对的。”and when she returned to me it began to bleat. So I said to her, “Where did you get the kid? It is not stolen, is it? Return it to the owners; for it is not right to eat what is stolen.”
- 14.她说:“这是额外给我作为工钱的。”但是我不相信她,就告诉她把它还给主人,并且我为她感到羞愧。然后她对我说:“你的仁慈和公义在哪里呢?你似乎什么都知道!”And she said, “It was given to me as a gift in addition to my wages.” But I did not believe her, and told her to return it to the owners; and I blushed for her. Then she replied to me, “Where are your charities and your righteous deeds? You seem to know everything!”
这段经文的意思
本章以五旬节(即字面意义上的'七周之圣节')开篇,将多比的慈善筵席置于以色列的礼仪年历之中,使他的餐桌团契与圣洁的节期相连。他嘱咐儿子去邀请任何'敬畏上主'的贫困亲属,将施舍定位为根植于圣约记忆的行为,而非抽象的怜悯。
埋葬之事是本章的转折。多比'在未进食之前'起身,将尸体搬出,等到日落,挖掘坟墓,予以安葬——这一切延续了本章所呈现的代价沉重的'埋葬亡者'伦理。邻人的嘲讽——'他从前曾逃跑,如今又在这里埋葬死人'——表明这种顺服是公开且危险的,并非隐秘之举。随后经文记述了他沾染不洁、靠着院墙露脸而睡、麻雀粪便落入眼中、白翳形成,以及医师无能为力等情节。
最后一个场景从公开的虔诚转向家庭冲突。安娜以'妇女所作的工'赚取收入,主人支付工钱之外另添一只小山羊。多比怀疑是偷窃之物,坚要求归还。安娜则以他的'慈善与义行'反唇相讥,意在揭露其虚伪。经文并未化解这场争端——以安娜的指控悬而未终止,让读者自行权衡双方的主张。
背景
该编辑说明指出,本章是从 P0/P1 选集之外补充而来的内容,因此本页不引入本章正文之外的史学或年代学论断。本章仅顺带提及五旬节、阿摩司先知以及以利买地区;此处未展开任何地理、年代或作者身份的论证。
在本章内部,三个场景依次展开:家中的五旬节筵席、当夜对被杀者之埋葬及其后果,以及安娜做工并因山羊引发的争执。本章以婚姻紧张关系收尾,未判定孰是孰非,因而第二章直接的文学功能在于铺设多比的苦难与家庭张力,为前后叙事所回应。
常见问题
多比传 2 中为何提及五旬节?
本章将多比的慈善筵席安排在'七周之圣节',将他与穷人的餐桌团契与特定的礼仪节期相连,将施舍呈现为在以色列圣时背景中所行的行为。
多比在本章中是如何失明的?
埋葬亡人之后,多比靠着院墙露脸而睡。麻雀栖于墙上,其新鲜粪便落入他睁开的眼中,白翳随之形成。经文说明医师束手无策,并提及亚希加尔在他前往以利买之前一直照顾他。
本章是否解决了关于山羊的争端?
没有。多比坚称山羊必须归还,因他怀疑来路不正;安娜则声称那是工钱之外的赠礼,并以他的'慈善与义行'作为反驳。本章以她的指控作结,未判定谁是谁非。
