多比传 2 — 慈善、损失与婚姻摩擦

多比埋葬了一位被杀的同胞,丧失了视力,随后与妻子安娜就她工钱之外额外得到的一只山羊发生争执。

多俾亚传

第2章

  1. 1.当我回到家里,我的妻子安娜和我的儿子托比亚斯归还给我,在五旬节,也就是七周的圣节的时候,人们为我准备了一顿好的晚餐,我坐下来吃。When I arrived home and my wife Anna and my son Tobi′as were restored to me, at the feast of Pentecost, which is the sacred festival of the seven weeks, a good dinner was prepared for me and I sat down to eat.
  2. 2.我看见食物很多,就对我的儿子说,去找我们兄弟中间任何一个记念主的穷人,带他来,我等你。Upon seeing the abundance of food I said to my son, “Go and bring whatever poor man of our brethren you may find who is mindful of the Lord, and I will wait for you.”
  3. 3.但他回来说:“父亲,我们的人中有一个被勒死并扔在市场上了。”But he came back and said, “Father, one of our people has been strangled and thrown into the market place.”
  4. 4.在我尝任何东西之前,我跳起来把尸体移到一个遮蔽的地方,直到日落。So before I tasted anything I sprang up and removed the body to a place of shelter until sunset.
  5. 5.我回来以后就洗了自己,吃了食物,但仍带着悲伤。And when I returned I washed myself and ate my food in sorrow.
  6. 6.然后我记起了阿摩司的预言,他说:“你们的宴乐必变为哀哭,你们一切的欢乐必变为哀歌。”于是我哭了。Then I remembered the prophecy of Amos, how he said, “Your feasts shall be turned into mourning, and all your festivities into lamentation.” And I wept.
  7. 7.托比失明 当太阳落下的时候,我去挖了一个坟墓并埋葬了尸体。Tobit Becomes Blind When the sun had set I went and dug a grave and buried the body.
  8. 8.我的邻居们嘲笑我,说:“他不怕再次因为这样而被处死;他曾经逃跑过,现在又回来埋葬死人了!”And my neighbors laughed at me and said, “He is no longer afraid that he will be put to death for doing this; he once ran away, and here he is burying the dead again!”
  9. 9.同夜我从埋葬他回来,因为我被玷污了,就在院子的墙旁睡觉,脸也没有遮盖。On the same night I returned from burying him, and because I was defiled I slept by the wall of the courtyard, and my face was uncovered.
  10. 10.我不知道墙上有麻雀,它们的新鲜粪便掉进了我的睁开的眼睛,我的眼睛上形成了白膜。我去找医生,但是他们没有帮助我。然而,阿希卡尔照顾我,直到他去以拖迈。I did not know that there were sparrows on the wall and their fresh droppings fell into my open eyes and white films formed on my eyes. I went to physicians, but they did not help me. Ahi′kar, however, took care of me until he went to Elyma′is.
  11. 11.托比特的妻子为家庭赚取生计 那时我的妻子安娜靠做女人的工作赚钱维持生活Tobit’s Wife Earns Their Livelihood Then my wife Anna earned money at women’s work.
  12. 12.她过去常常将产品送给主人,有一次当他们付给她工钱时,还给了她一只小羊;She used to send the product to the owners. Once when they paid her wages, they also gave her a kid;
  13. 13.她一回到我这里,小山羊就叫了起来。我对她说:“你从哪里得来的小山羊?这小山羊是不是偷来的?还是你从别人家里拿来的?把小山羊还给主人,因为吃偷来的东西是不对的。”and when she returned to me it began to bleat. So I said to her, “Where did you get the kid? It is not stolen, is it? Return it to the owners; for it is not right to eat what is stolen.”
  14. 14.她说:“这是额外给我作为工钱的。”但是我不相信她,就告诉她把它还给主人,并且我为她感到羞愧。然后她对我说:“你的仁慈和公义在哪里呢?你似乎什么都知道!”And she said, “It was given to me as a gift in addition to my wages.” But I did not believe her, and told her to return it to the owners; and I blushed for her. Then she replied to me, “Where are your charities and your righteous deeds? You seem to know everything!”

这段经文的意思

本章以五旬节(即字面意义上的'七周之圣节')开篇,将多比的慈善筵席置于以色列的礼仪年历之中,使他的餐桌团契与圣洁的节期相连。他嘱咐儿子去邀请任何'敬畏上主'的贫困亲属,将施舍定位为根植于圣约记忆的行为,而非抽象的怜悯。

埋葬之事是本章的转折。多比'在未进食之前'起身,将尸体搬出,等到日落,挖掘坟墓,予以安葬——这一切延续了本章所呈现的代价沉重的'埋葬亡者'伦理。邻人的嘲讽——'他从前曾逃跑,如今又在这里埋葬死人'——表明这种顺服是公开且危险的,并非隐秘之举。随后经文记述了他沾染不洁、靠着院墙露脸而睡、麻雀粪便落入眼中、白翳形成,以及医师无能为力等情节。

最后一个场景从公开的虔诚转向家庭冲突。安娜以'妇女所作的工'赚取收入,主人支付工钱之外另添一只小山羊。多比怀疑是偷窃之物,坚要求归还。安娜则以他的'慈善与义行'反唇相讥,意在揭露其虚伪。经文并未化解这场争端——以安娜的指控悬而未终止,让读者自行权衡双方的主张。

背景

该编辑说明指出,本章是从 P0/P1 选集之外补充而来的内容,因此本页不引入本章正文之外的史学或年代学论断。本章仅顺带提及五旬节、阿摩司先知以及以利买地区;此处未展开任何地理、年代或作者身份的论证。

在本章内部,三个场景依次展开:家中的五旬节筵席、当夜对被杀者之埋葬及其后果,以及安娜做工并因山羊引发的争执。本章以婚姻紧张关系收尾,未判定孰是孰非,因而第二章直接的文学功能在于铺设多比的苦难与家庭张力,为前后叙事所回应。

常见问题

多比传 2 中为何提及五旬节?

本章将多比的慈善筵席安排在'七周之圣节',将他与穷人的餐桌团契与特定的礼仪节期相连,将施舍呈现为在以色列圣时背景中所行的行为。

多比在本章中是如何失明的?

埋葬亡人之后,多比靠着院墙露脸而睡。麻雀栖于墙上,其新鲜粪便落入他睁开的眼中,白翳随之形成。经文说明医师束手无策,并提及亚希加尔在他前往以利买之前一直照顾他。

本章是否解决了关于山羊的争端?

没有。多比坚称山羊必须归还,因他怀疑来路不正;安娜则声称那是工钱之外的赠礼,并以他的'慈善与义行'作为反驳。本章以她的指控作结,未判定谁是谁非。

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