《多比传》6——鱼、魔鬼与前往埃克巴塔的旅程
在前往拉吉斯的途中,一条鱼在底格里斯河中袭击托比亚;拉斐尔指示他保存鱼的心、肝和胆。临近埃克巴塔时,拉斐尔为托比亚安排与他的亲族撒拉成婚,并指定以鱼的内脏熏制香烟的仪式来驱逐那杀害她七位丈夫的魔鬼。
多俾亚传
第6章
- 1.前往拉格斯 现在他们继续前行,到了晚上来到底格里斯河,就在那里扎营。Journey to Rages Now as they proceeded on their way they came at evening to the Tigris river and camped there.
- 2.那时,年轻人下去洗澡,有一条鱼从河里跳起来,几乎把年轻人吞下去;Then the young man went down to wash himself. A fish leaped up from the river and would have swallowed the young man;
- 3.天使对他说:“捉那鱼。”那少年人就抓住鱼,抛在陆地上。and the angel said to him, “Catch the fish.” So the young man seized the fish and threw it up on the land.
- 4.然后天使对他说,“剖开鱼,取出心、肝和胆,好好保管起来。”Then the angel said to him, “Cut open the fish and take the heart and liver and gall and put them away safely.”
- 5.于是这年轻人按照天使的话去做,他们烤鱼并且吃了。他们两人继续前行,直到快到埃克巴塔那。So the young man did as the angel told him; and they roasted and ate the fish. And they both continued on their way until they came near to Ecbat′ana.
- 6.那时,年轻人对天使说,亚撒利亚兄弟,鱼的肝脏、心脏和胆有什么用处?Then the young man said to the angel, “Brother Azari′as, of what use is the liver and heart and gall of the fish?”
- 7.他回答说:“至于心和肝,如果有恶魔或邪灵困扰任何人,你们要用这些东西在那男或女面前熏烟,那个人就再也不会受到困扰了。He replied, “As for the heart and the liver, if a demon or evil spirit gives trouble to any one, you make a smoke from these before the man or woman, and that person will never be troubled again.
- 8.至于胆汁,用它抹在眼中有白翳的人身上,他就会痊愈。And as for the gall, anoint with it a man who has white films in his eyes, and he will be cured.”
- 9.拉法耳的指示 他们接近埃克巴塔那时,Raph′ael’s Instructions When they approached Ecbat′ana,
- 10.天使对年轻人说,兄弟,今天我们要住在拉古埃勒那里,他是你的亲戚,他只有一个女儿,名叫撒拉,我要建议他把她嫁给你为妻,the angel said to the young man, “Brother, today we shall stay with Rag′uel. He is your relative, and he has an only daughter named Sarah. I will suggest that she be given to you in marriage,
- 11.因为你有权得到她和她的遗产,因为你是她唯一合格的亲属。because you are entitled to her and to her inheritance, for you are her only eligible kinsman.
- 12.这个女孩也漂亮又明智,现在听我的计划,我将跟她的父亲谈话,我们一到拉格城回来就举行婚礼,因为我知道拉古尔按照摩西的律法不能把她嫁给别人,否则他就会受到死的惩罚,因为根据律法,你比其他任何人都有权获得这份遗产。The girl is also beautiful and sensible. Now listen to my plan. I will speak to her father, and as soon as we return from Rages we will celebrate the marriage. For I know that Rag′uel, according to the law of Moses, cannot give her to another man without incurring the penalty of death, because you rather than any other man are entitled to the inheritance.”
- 13.那时,年轻人对天使说,亚撒利亚兄弟,鱼的肝脏、心脏和胆有什么用处?Then the young man said to the angel, “Brother Azari′as, I have heard that the girl has been given to seven husbands and that each died in the bridal chamber.
- 14.我现在是父亲唯一的儿子,我害怕如果我进去,我会像以前的那些人一样死去,因为有一个鬼迷恋着她,只有接近她的人才会受到伤害。所以现在我担心我可能会死去,并且因为我而让父母带着悲伤进入坟墓。而他们也没有其他的儿子来埋葬他们。Now I am the only son my father has, and I am afraid that if I go in I will die as those before me did, for a demon is in love with her, and he harms no one except those who approach her. So now I fear that I may die and bring the lives of my father and mother to the grave in sorrow on my account. And they have no other son to bury them.”
- 15.但天使对他说,你不记得你父亲吩咐你从本族中娶妻的话吗,现在听我说,兄弟,她将成为你的妻子,不要为鬼神担心,因为今夜她就要被许配给你。But the angel said to him, “Do you not remember the words with which your father commanded you to take a wife from among your own people? Now listen to me, brother, for she will become your wife; and do not worry about the demon, for this very night she will be given to you in marriage.
- 16.当你进入新房时,你要取活炭的香,放在上面加上鱼的心和肝,使其冒烟。When you enter the bridal chamber, you shall take live ashes of incense and lay upon them some of the heart and liver of the fish so as to make a smoke.
- 17.然后魔鬼会闻到气味并逃跑,再也不会回来。当你接近她时,你们两人都站起来,向仁慈的神祈求,他会拯救你们并怜悯你们。不要害怕,因为她从永恒以来就为你而设。你会拯救她,她会跟随你,我想你们会有孩子。”托比亚斯听了这些话后,就爱上了她,并深深地渴望她。Then the demon will smell it and flee away, and will never again return. And when you approach her, rise up, both of you, and cry out to the merciful God, and he will save you and have mercy on you. Do not be afraid, for she was destined for you from eternity. You will save her, and she will go with you, and I suppose that you will have children by her.” When Tobi′as heard these things, he fell in love with her and yearned deeply for her.
这段经文的意思
本章前半部分(第1–8节)聚焦于在底格里斯河边的一次意外遭遇。拉斐尔指示托比亚保存鱼的心、肝和胆,并在稍后解释说,心和肝燃烧成香可驱除魔鬼,而胆汁可医治眼上的白翳。这一情节表明拉斐尔对托比亚的保护是具体而实际的,并非仅停留在言语层面。
后半部分(第9–17节)转向家庭与婚姻主题。拉斐尔指认拉格uel为有合适女儿的亲戚,并提醒托比亚他父亲曾命令他与本族之人通婚(第10–12节、15节)。障碍在于一个魔鬼,已先后杀害撒拉的七位丈夫。拉斐尔的解决方案结合了仪式行动(将乳香与鱼心、鱼肝放在活炭上)与向慈悲上帝的祷告,并安慰托比亚说撒拉是'从永远就命定归于你的'。本章因此围绕家庭的建立,将身体的顺服、天使的指引与神圣的护佑紧密相连。
全章中托比亚的角色是聆听与顺服:他捕捞并剖开鱼,虽心怀畏惧却接受婚事安排,并在听到拉斐尔的话后心生爱慕。叙事将一条普通鱼的内脏呈现为拯救人脱离魔鬼折磨与身体失明的器物——这一主题将在第11章中以同样的胆汁治愈托比父亲失明而得到圆满。
背景
本章的故事完全发生在路上:托比亚与他仍被称为'阿匝里雅弟兄'的化装同伴正从尼尼微前往米底亚的拉吉斯收取存款。第5章已通过介绍拉斐尔为受雇作向导的族人铺设了旅程,第6章则以两个场景展开——底格里斯河边的露营,以及临近拉格uel所居的埃克巴塔。
第6章是托比亚的出行使命与婚姻情节之间的转折点。第2–5节所赐的鱼内脏并未立即使用,而成为撒拉脱离魔鬼(第8章)与托比父亲得医治(第11章)两件事的资源。本章的注释仅记录《多比传》主要选读范围之外的其余章节是为参考而补充的,未提供额外的解释性评论。
常见问题
拉斐尔为何让托比亚保存鱼的心、肝和胆?
根据拉斐尔自己在第7–8节中的解释,心和肝要燃烧成香,用来驱除困扰人的魔鬼或邪灵;胆则用来涂抹眼上患有白翳之人以得医治。这些内脏因此成为撒拉得拯救以及托比父亲后来得痊愈的手段。
撒拉是谁,托比亚为何有权娶她?
撒拉是埃克巴塔拉格uel的独生女儿(第10–12节)。拉斐尔解释说,托比亚是她最亲近的合适族人,有权娶她并继承她的产业;而且按'摩西的律法',拉格uel不得将她另许他人,否则将被判死罪。拉斐尔还回顾了托比父亲早先关于在本族中娶妻的吩咐(第15节)。
拉斐尔针对魔鬼所规定的仪式是什么,祷告在其中扮演何种角色?
拉斐尔指示托比亚将鱼的心和肝放在洞房中乳香的活炭上,使魔鬼闻到烟气便逃走(第16–17节)。除此仪式外,托比亚和撒拉还被告知当起来呼求慈悲的上帝,祂必拯救他们并怜悯他们。拉斐尔将拯救呈现为身体的顺服之举与对上帝的祷告二者结合,并安慰托比亚说撒拉是'从永远就命定归于你的'。
