《多比传》8章——驱魔之夜与洞房之夜
《多比传》8章叙述阿斯摩得斯恶魔在洞房之夜被驱逐、多比亚的祷告将婚姻置于神面前的真诚之举、拉格埃尔的焦灼守望,以及随后为期十四天的欢庆婚宴。
多俾亚传
第8章
- 1.当他们吃完饭以后,他们把托比亚斯送到她那里,托比亚斯就把魔鬼赶走了。Tobias Routs the Demon When they had finished eating, they escorted Tobi′as in to her.
- 2.他一边走,一边记起拉法尔的话,于是取了活的香灰,把鱼的心和肝放在上面,作了一缕烟。As he went he remembered the words of Raph′ael, and he took the live ashes of incense and put the heart and liver of the fish upon them and made a smoke.
- 3.当魔鬼闻到那气味时,他逃到了埃及最远的地方,天使将他捆绑起来。And when the demon smelled the odor he fled to the remotest parts of Egypt, and the angel bound him.
- 4.当门关闭,两个人独处时,托比亚斯从床上站起来,说:“姐姐,起来,我们祈祷,求主怜悯我们。”When the door was shut and the two were alone, Tobi′as got up from the bed and said, “Sister, get up, and let us pray that the Lord may have mercy upon us.”
- 5.托比亚斯开始祷告说,天父的神,你是应当称颂的,你的圣洁荣耀的名永远是应当称颂的。愿天和你所有的造物都称颂你。And Tobi′as began to pray, “Blessed art thou, O God of our fathers, and blessed be thy holy and glorious name for ever. Let the heavens and all thy creatures bless thee.
- 6.你造了亚当,又给他以夏娃为妻作他的帮助和扶持,从他们而来的人类就繁衍出来。你曾说,独居不是好的,我要为他造一个配偶帮助他。Thou madest Adam and gavest him Eve his wife as a helper and support. From them the race of mankind has sprung. Thou didst say, ‘It is not good that the man should be alone; let us make a helper for him like himself.’
- 7.现在,主啊,我不是因为淫欲娶这我的妹子,乃是出于真诚。求你赐我恩典,能与她白头到老。And now, O Lord, I am not taking this sister of mine because of lust, but with sincerity. Grant that I may find mercy and may grow old together with her.”
- 8.她对他说:“阿们。”And she said with him, “Amen.”
- 9.他们两人便睡了一夜,但拉古珥起来,出去挖了一个坟墓,Then they both went to sleep for the night. But Rag′uel arose and went and dug a grave,
- 10.带着“也许他也会死”的想法with the thought, “Perhaps he too will die.”
- 11.然后拉古尔进了他的家Then Rag′uel went into his house
- 12.就对妻子以得拿说,叫一个使女去看看他还活着不活着,如果他死了,我们就悄悄地把他埋掉,免得有人知道。and said to his wife Edna, “Send one of the maids to see whether he is alive; and if he is not, let us bury him without any one knowing about it.”
- 13.于是,婢女开了门进去,看见两个人都睡着了。So the maid opened the door and went in, and found them both asleep.
- 14.她出来告诉他们他活了。And she came out and told them that he was alive.
- 15.然后拉格엘이上帝并说:“上帝,你是应当称颂的,所有的纯洁和圣洁的祝福都归于你。愿你的圣徒和你所有的造物称颂你,愿你所有的天使和你所选择的人民永远称颂你。Then Rag′uel blessed God and said, “Blessed art thou, O God, with every pure and holy blessing. Let thy saints and all thy creatures bless thee; let all thy angels and thy chosen people bless thee for ever.
- 16.你是有福的,因为你使我欢喜。事实并不像我所想象的那样,但你却按照你的大怜悯对待了我们。Blessed art thou, because thou hast made me glad. It has not happened to me as I expected; but thou hast treated us according to thy great mercy.
- 17.你得福了,因为你只顾恤这两个独生子。求主怜悯他们,成全他们的生命,给他们健康、快乐和怜悯。Blessed art thou, because thou hast had compassion on two only children. Show them mercy, O Lord; and bring their lives to fulfilment in health and happiness and mercy.”
- 18.于是他命令他的仆人填平坟墓。Then he ordered his servants to fill in the grave.
- 19.在这之后,他为他们摆设了一个十四天的婚宴。Wedding Feast After this he gave a wedding feast for them which lasted fourteen days.
- 20.在节日的日子还没有过去之前,拉古埃尔对托比亚斯立下誓言,说他不应该离开,直到十四天的婚宴结束。And before the days of the feast were over, Rag′uel declared by oath to Tobi′as that he should not leave until the fourteen days of the wedding feast were ended,
- 21.他应该拿走拉古力的财产的一半,并安全地回到他父亲那里,其余的部分将在“我和我的妻子死后”属于他。that then he should take half of Rag′uel’s property and return in safety to his father, and that the rest would be his “when my wife and I die.”
这段经文的意思
第八章的核心在于驱逐恶魔。一开始便表明多比亚并非依靠自身力量:在进入新房途中,他记起拉斐尔的吩咐,将鱼的心和肝置于乳香的活灰之上,借烟气驱走恶魔(1–3节)。天使在埃及极远之地将恶魔捆绑,使这场得胜被框定为神的作为,而非仅凭人力。因此,婚姻在本章中不仅是社交事件,更是超然邪恶被迎头击破的场域。
多比亚的祷告(5–8节)将婚姻的重心由情欲转向受造与圣约。他称颂列祖之神,追念神造亚当并以夏娃为伴,明确声明迎娶亲属之女并非出于情欲,而是出于真诚(7节)。末句——愿他「蒙怜悯,与她白头偕老」——将婚姻的远景设定为在神怜悯中相伴终生,而撒拉的「阿们」(8节)使这一祷告成为夫妇共同的行动。
本章末段(9–21节)展示威胁的化解与婚姻的欢庆。拉格埃尔先前因惧怕多比亚像前七位丈夫一样丧命而秘密挖好的坟墓,在夫妇平安无事后被重新填埋(9–18节)。他对神的祝祷以怜悯为主题:神「按你大发的怜悯」对待他们,并怜悯了两个独生的孩子(16–17节)。本章以为期十四天的婚宴、多比亚誓必守满宴会方得离去,以及立刻获得拉格埃尔一半家业、其余待二老辞世后再继之约(19–21节)作结。
背景
该段所附的卷宗说明指明此章为《多比传》首批优先章节之外的补录,且所提供的文本不含交叉引用或原文批注。就本章自身而言,驱魔之功系于前文已出之鱼的脏器——多比亚「记起拉斐尔的话」,复用鱼心和鱼肝置于乳香之灰上,使所生之烟驱走阿斯摩得斯(1–3节)。洞房这一情节因此有赖于旅途出发前所授的指示,而非来自第八章内部的新引介。
婚礼叙事在结构上由两重恐惧与两重释怀交错构成。拉格埃尔惧怕家中再添第七桩丧事而秘密挖坟(9–12节);婢女查知多比亚与撒拉均安然无恙(13–14节),既解其忧,亦引出一段以怜悯之言构筑的悠长祝祷(15–17节)。本章随后从私密的洞房移向公开的为期十四天的宴席,并就家产作出法律上的安排(19–21节),由此显明家庭的凶险因神的大能与众人的同庆得以化解。
常见问题
多比亚在《多比传》8章中如何驱走恶魔?
在进入新房途中,他记起拉斐尔先前的吩咐,取来乳香的活灰,将鱼的心和肝置于其上以生烟气;恶魔一闻其味便逃往埃及极远之处,天使便在那里将其捆绑(1–3节)。
多比亚为何说他迎娶撒拉「不是出于情欲,而是出于真诚」(7节)?
在祷告之中,多比亚援引神造亚当与夏娃的经纬,并明确将自己的动机命名为真诚而非欲望,祈求主赐他怜悯,使他与她白头偕老(5–7节)。撒拉的「阿们」(8节)使她也加入这一对婚姻的自我理解之中。
拉格埃尔为何在洞房之夜尚未结束前便挖好坟墓?
他惧怕多比亚会像撒拉的前七位丈夫一样丧命,于是秘密挖坟,并嘱咐妻子艾德娜派一婢女前去查看;婢女回报二人均活着(9–14节),坟便重新填埋(18节),拉格埃尔遂因神怜悯「两个独生的孩子」而称颂神(15–17节)。
