多比雅记 7 —— 婚约的安排与完婚

多比雅记 7 叙述一家人抵达拉厄耳的住所、拉厄耳认出多比雅的儿子托比亚斯,以及托比亚斯与撒拉正式订婚与结婚的过程。

多俾亚传

第7章

  1. 1.到达拉古尔家 他们到了埃克巴塔那,到了拉古尔家,撒拉接待他们并问候他们。他们回应她的问候,她把他们带进了屋里。Arrival at Home of Raguel When they reached Ecbat′ana and arrived at the house of Rag′uel, Sarah met them and greeted them. They returned her greeting, and she brought them into the house.
  2. 2.拉古埃对妻子以德娜说:“这年轻人真像我的表弟托比特!”Then Rag′uel said to his wife Edna, “How much the young man resembles my cousin Tobit!”
  3. 3.拉古珥问他们说,你们是从哪里来的,兄弟们?他们回答说,我们是拿弗他利的子孙,现在被囚在尼尼微。And Rag′uel asked them, “Where are you from, brethren?” They answered him, “We belong to the sons of Naph′tali, who are captives in Nin′eveh.”
  4. 4.于是他对他们说:“你们认识我们的兄弟托比特吗?”他们回答说:“认识。”他又问他们:“他身体健康吗?”So he said to them, “Do you know our brother Tobit?” And they said, “Yes, we do.” And he asked them, “Is he in good health?”
  5. 5.他们回答说:“他健健康康,很好。”托比亚斯说:“他是我的父亲。”They replied, “He is alive and in good health.” And Tobi′as said, “He is my father.”
  6. 6.拉格엘이跳起来亲吻他并哭泣。Then Rag′uel sprang up and kissed him and wept.
  7. 7.他为他祝福,并惊呼说:“那位好人和高尚的人的儿子啊!”当他听说托比失明了,他十分悲痛,哭了起来。And he blessed him and exclaimed, “Son of that good and noble man!” When he heard that Tobit had lost his sight, he was stricken with grief and wept.
  8. 8.他的妻子以德娜和他的女儿撒拉哭泣,他们非常热情地接待了他们,并从羊群中杀了一只公羊,在他们面前摆设了大量的食物。托比亚斯和撒拉的婚姻于是托比亚斯对拉法尔说,亚撒利亚兄弟,谈谈你在旅途中所说的事情,让这件事得到解决。And his wife Edna and his daughter Sarah wept. They received them very warmly; and they killed a ram from the flock and set large servings of food before them. Marriage of Tobias and Sarah Then Tobi′as said to Raph′ael, “Brother Azari′as, speak of those things which you talked about on the journey, and let the matter be settled.”
  9. 9.于是他把这个提议告诉了拉古珥,拉古珥对托比亚说:“吃,喝,欢乐;So he communicated the proposal to Rag′uel. And Rag′uel said to Tobi′as, “Eat, drink, and be merry;
  10. 10.因为你们有权利带走我的孩子。但是让我向你们说明真实的情况。for it is your right to take my child. But let me explain the true situation to you.
  11. 11.我已经把我的女儿嫁给了七个丈夫,每当他们到她那里时,都在夜里死了。但现在请欢乐。”托比亚斯说:“在你与我立约之前,我在这里什么也不吃。”I have given my daughter to seven husbands, and when each came to her he died in the night. But for the present be merry.” And Tobi′as said, “I will eat nothing here until you make a binding agreement with me.”
  12. 12.拉格耳说:“现在按照律法,你可以娶她,因为你是她的亲属,她也该归你。愿仁慈的神引导你们二人得到美好的结果。”So Rag′uel said, “Take her right now, in accordance with the law. You are her relative, and she is yours. The merciful God will guide you both for the best.”
  13. 13.然后他叫来他的女儿撒拉,拉着她的手,把她交给托比亚,说:“她在这里,按照摩西的律法娶她为妻,并带她去见你的父亲。”于是他为他们祝福。Then he called his daughter Sarah, and taking her by the hand he gave her to Tobi′as to be his wife, saying, “Here she is; take her according to the law of Moses, and take her with you to your father.” And he blessed them.
  14. 14.随后他叫来妻子伊德娜,拿起一份卷轴,写下契约内容,他们在上面盖上了印章。Next he called his wife Edna, and took a scroll and wrote out the contract; and they set their seals to it.
  15. 15.于是他们开始吃。Then they began to eat.
  16. 16.拉古珥叫他的妻子以德娜,对她说,姐姐,你去收拾那间客房,让她进去。And Rag′uel called his wife Edna and said to her, “Sister, make up the other room, and take her into it.”
  17. 17.于是她照他说的做了,把女儿带到那里,女儿开始哭泣。但母亲在女儿哭泣时安慰她,对她说,So she did as he said, and took her there; and the girl began to weep. But the mother comforted her daughter in her tears, and said to her,
  18. 18.“孩子,勇敢些吧,天地的主会把欢乐赐给你,代替你现在的悲伤。女儿,勇敢些吧。”“Be brave, my child; the Lord of heaven and earth grant you joy in place of this sorrow of yours. Be brave, my daughter.”

这段经文的意思

多比雅记 7 的核心在于相认与正式协议。拉厄耳凭借家族相似之处认出托比亚斯是其堂兄多比雅之子,家中众人听闻多比雅双目失明便一同哀哭。那一节称托比亚斯为'那位善良尊贵人之子'(第 7 节),在商议未启之前便将父亲的声誉与儿子相连,因此求婚之事得以建立在熟悉的血缘与信任之中。

本章亦关乎坦诚的披露。拉厄耳在交出女儿之前,直言已将撒拉许配给七位男子,他们皆于当夜身亡。托比亚斯回应时,坚持在用餐前先订立书面契约,将对话由款待引向法律责任。随后拉厄耳以亲属之情与摩西律法为据确认婚姻,书写契约并盖印封缄,宴席方得继续(第 9–15 节)。

结尾数节由公开程序转入内室。艾德娜为撒拉另备一室,撒拉哭泣,其母便勉励她勇敢,并将'天地之主'作为哀伤的慰藉与喜乐的源头(第 16–18 节)。本章遂由相认、坦诚披露、立约定盟,至一家之祷将结局交托于神。

背景

此章位于多比雅叙事的正中。开头是旅人抵达以克巴他拿的拉厄耳家,结尾是撒拉被领入单独的婚房,至此章结束,婚礼之夜本身尚未交代。所提供经文中的两段标题——'抵达拉厄耳家'与'托比亚斯与撒拉成婚'——恰好标示了款待(第 1–8 节)与订婚(第 9–18 节)之间的结构转折。

婚礼的语境亦为故事的下一阶段埋下伏笔:拉厄耳依法披露先前七人之死,构成读者已知托比亚斯有能力面对的危机;而艾德娜临别之言,则将结局置于神的手中,而非凭人的忧虑。

常见问题

为何拉厄耳在谈及婚事之前就先哭泣?

经文记述,拉厄耳听闻多比雅双目失明,便悲痛哀哭(第 7 节)。他的泪水源自对亲人的牵挂,而非因婚事——婚事直到第 8 节方才进入对话。

托比亚斯为何坚持在签订契约之前不肯进食?

拉厄耳透露已有七位丈夫相继身亡之后,托比亚斯坚持必须先立下具有约束力的约定,方肯进食(第 11 节)。这一要求使原本非正式的款待转化为法律的契约,随后拉厄耳在第 12–14 节中援引亲属关系与摩西律法,亲手盖印立下书面契约,应允了所请。

第 18 节艾德娜劝勉撒拉要勇敢,有何意义?

撒拉在得知自己即将被许配给第八位丈夫——继七人皆亡之后——而伤心哭泣,她的母亲便安慰她,指出'天地之主'能将她的悲伤化作喜乐(第 18 节)。这句话将未知的结局定性为神的作为,而非撒拉自身的恐惧。

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