智慧篇 7 — 所罗门的祷告与智慧的本性

所罗门与所有凡人本源相同,他回顾祷告如何使他获得智慧,随后列举智慧所启示的一切,最终以赞美的形式称颂智慧为神圣的气息、镜子与形像,神藉此安排万物。

智慧篇

第7章

  1. 1.所罗门 我与他人一样也是凡人,和众人一样,是大地上第一人之后的子孙;在母亲的子宫里,我也是由血肉构成的,Solomon Like Other Mortals I also am mortal, like all men, a descendant of the first-formed child of earth; and in the womb of a mother I was molded into flesh,
  2. 2.在十个月的期间,血肉构成,从男人的一滴种子和婚姻的欢愉中而来。within the period of ten months, compacted with blood, from the seed of a man and the pleasure of marriage.
  3. 3.我出生时,开始呼吸着大众呼吸的空气,坠落于同类的大地,我的第一声就是哭泣,和所有人一样。And when I was born, I began to breathe the common air, and fell upon the kindred earth, and my first sound was a cry, like that of all.
  4. 4.我被小心地用襁褓包裹着抚养长大。I was nursed with care in swaddling cloths.
  5. 5.因为没有一位君王有与众不同的起源;For no king has had a different beginning of existence;
  6. 6.人类所有人都只有一个进入生命的入口,也只有一个共同的离开。there is for all mankind one entrance into life, and a common departure.
  7. 7.所罗门敬畏智慧 于是我祈祷,得到理解;我呼求神,智慧的灵就来到我。Solomon’s Respect for Wisdom Therefore I prayed, and understanding was given me; I called upon God, and the spirit of wisdom came to me.
  8. 8.我宁愿选择她也不愿选择权杖和王座,我也以为财富在她面前算不了什么。I preferred her to scepters and thrones, and I accounted wealth as nothing in comparison with her.
  9. 9.我也没有将她比作任何无价的宝石,因为在她眼中所有的金子不过是微小的沙粒,银子在她面前不过是泥土。Neither did I liken to her any priceless gem, because all gold is but a little sand in her sight, and silver will be accounted as clay before her.
  10. 10.我比健康和美丽更爱她,我宁愿选择她也不愿选择光明,因为她的光辉永不止息。I loved her more than health and beauty, and I chose to have her rather than light, because her radiance never ceases.
  11. 11.一切美好的事物都随她而来,难以计数的财富都在她的手中。All good things came to me along with her, and in her hands uncounted wealth.
  12. 12.我曾因他们所有人而欢喜,因为智慧引导他们,但我不知道她是他们的母亲。I rejoiced in them all, because wisdom leads them; but I did not know that she was their mother.
  13. 13.我无伪地学习,也无吝地传授;我不隐藏她的财富,I learned without guile and I impart without grudging; I do not hide her wealth,
  14. 14.因为这是为人所存的不朽财宝,得着它的人就得到了与神为友,并因所受的教训而得称赞的恩赐。for it is an unfailing treasure for men; those who get it obtain friendship with God, commended for the gifts that come from instruction.
  15. 15.所罗门祈求智慧 愿神使我说话有分寸,思想配得上所受的恩典,因为他是智慧的引导者,也是智者的纠正者。Solomon Prays for Wisdom May God grant that I speak with judgment and have thoughts worthy of what I have received, for he is the guide even of wisdom and the corrector of the wise.
  16. 16.我们和我们的言语都在他手中,所有的聪明和技艺也都在他手中。For both we and our words are in his hand, as are all understanding and skill in crafts.
  17. 17.因为他使我明白了万物的存在,知道世界的构造和元素的作用;For it is he who gave me unerring knowledge of what exists, to know the structure of the world and the activity of the elements;
  18. 18.时之始终与中间,夏冬之交替与四季之更替,the beginning and end and middle of times, the alternations of the solstices and the changes of the seasons,
  19. 19.一年中的循环和星辰的星座,the cycles of the year and the constellations of the stars,
  20. 20.动物的天性和野兽的性情,灵的力量和人的推理,植物的种类和根的功效;the natures of animals and the tempers of wild beasts, the powers of spirits and the reasonings of men, the varieties of plants and the virtues of roots;
  21. 21.我既知道隐秘的,也知道显明的,I learned both what is secret and what is manifest,
  22. 22.因为造物的智慧教导了我。她本身的性质就是有一种聪明、圣洁、独特、多样、微妙、灵活、清晰、纯洁、分明、不可侵犯、爱好美善、锐利、不可抗拒的精神。for wisdom, the fashioner of all things, taught me. The Nature of Wisdom For in her there is a spirit that is intelligent, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, mobile, clear, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, loving the good, keen, irresistible,
  23. 23.仁慈的、人道的、坚定的、可靠的、无忧的、全能的、监管一切的、并且能够穿透所有聪明纯洁最微妙的灵魂。beneficent, humane, steadfast, sure, free from anxiety, all-powerful, overseeing all, and penetrating through all spirits that are intelligent and pure and most subtle.
  24. 24.因为智慧比任何运动都更灵活,正是由于她的纯洁,她渗透并穿透一切事物。For wisdom is more mobile than any motion; because of her pureness she pervades and penetrates all things.
  25. 25.因为她是上帝力量的一缕气息,也是全能者荣耀的纯洁流露;因此,任何不洁之物都不能进入她。For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled gains entrance into her.
  26. 26.因为她是永恒光明的反映,是上帝工作的无瑕镜子,也是祂的良善的影像。For she is a reflection of eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness.
  27. 27.她虽然独一,却能成就一切,在不改变自己的情况下,她使万物更新,在各世各代,她进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们成为上帝的朋友和先知;Though she is but one, she can do all things, and while remaining in herself, she renews all things; in every generation she passes into holy souls and makes them friends of God, and prophets;
  28. 28.因为上帝最爱那些用智慧生活的人。for God loves nothing so much as the man who lives with wisdom.
  29. 29.因为她比太阳更美丽,胜过所有星辰的光辉,与光相比,她被发现更为优秀,For she is more beautiful than the sun, and excels every constellation of the stars. Compared with the light she is found to be superior,
  30. 30.因为黑夜接续于白天,但邪恶不能战胜智慧。for it is succeeded by the night, but against wisdom evil does not prevail.

这段经文的意思

本章开篇,所罗门宣称自己完全认同人类共同体:他以血肉成形,在母腹中由血凝结十个月,以襁褓包裹,在共通的空气中呼吸,与众一样哭叫(1-4 节)。其要点在于修辞上的拉平——即便贵为君王,其生命的入口与共同的终局亦与他人无异(5-6 节)。这使读者将他的见证视为一位具有代表性的恳求者,而非享有特权的局内人。

由此立场出发,他转向真正的恩赐。智慧临到,乃因他祷告并呼求神(7 节);随后他将智慧置于王权、宝座、财富、宝石、健康、美丽与光明之上,因金银与之相较不过如沙土泥土,智慧的光芒永不止息(8-11 节)。生命的诸般福祉真实而美好,然智慧统御之——她是这些福祉的「母亲」,所罗门只是事后才认识到这一地位(12 节)。这宝藏永无亏缺;得着的人必得「与神为友」(14 节),并因所领受的训诲而蒙称许(13-14 节)。

下半章转入对智慧本性的持续冥想。所罗门先求神赐合宜的言辞(15 节),随即承认神乃一切理解与巧艺之源(16 节),并列举智慧所启示的范围:世界的构造、元气的运行、时序与节令的循环、动物、精灵、植物与根茎,无论隐秘或显明之事(17-21 节)。智慧本身随后被描绘为:智慧的、圣洁的、唯一的、多样的、细微的、敏捷的、锐利透澈的——神大能的气息、荣耀的纯净流溢、永恒之光的返照、神作为的无瑕明镜、神美善的形像(22-26 节)。她虽是独一的,却成就万事;在她内自存而更新万物,进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们成为神之友与先知(27 节)。她比太阳更为美丽,邪恶在她面前无法胜过(29-30 节)。

背景

编者按指出,本章系从智慧篇指定的 P0/P1 文本集之外的材料中回填而成,因此在本书中独立成立。文中未提供交叉引用,亦未提供原文词汇注释,故本页仅就章节本身所言加以描述。经文呈现为一个自足的三段式文学单元:所罗门的共同出身(1-6 节)、他个人藉祷告领受智慧(7-14 节)、以及一段赞美神学式的智慧本性与其作为之描述(15-30 节)。贯穿全章的「先列举—再反思」句式结构,赋予本章以教导与见证并重的形态。

由于未提供外部背景资料,此处不对作者身份、写作年代、正典流传史、与希腊化哲学的关系,或此处的「所罗门」究为历史之声抑或文学人格作出论断。所提供之英文文本视为工作译文,不另引入其他译法。

常见问题

所罗门为何在开篇强调其平凡、必死的出身?

1-6 节刻意将这位君王置于与众人相同的生物根基之上:肉身、血液、十月孕期、襁褓包裹、初次啼哭。其修辞效果在于使他对智慧的见证显得可信而具代表性,因而非属特例——如此他说智慧乃藉祷告而来,读者便能以同为恳求者的身分与之认同。

第 14 节的「与神为友」一语当如何理解?

在上下文里,智慧这永不枯竭的宝藏带来一种关系性的结果:得着的人「得以与神为友」,并因训诲所赐的诸般恩赐而蒙称许。在本章之中,这种友谊是具体的——智慧进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们在 27 节成为「神之友与先知」。其意在于:智慧不仅是一种知识,而是一种与神圣者的关系,并由此关系引发出先知性的呼召。

25-26 节中智慧的各项称谓——「气息」、「流溢」、「返照」、「明镜」、「形像」——彼此之间有何关联?

经文以层叠意象而非简单等同的方式展开。智慧被称为「神大能的气息」,暗示其源自神能量的动态根源;「全能者荣耀的纯净流溢」,暗示从神威严流泻而出的光辉;「永恒之光的返照」,暗示那本已先在神中之物在她身上得以可见;「神作为的无瑕明镜」,暗示毫无扭曲的领受;以及「他美善的形像」,暗示她具体显明神的性情。将这些并列阅读,此段将智慧描绘为神的权能、荣耀、光明、作为与美善临在并可传达的中介,然其本身并不等同于神自己。

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