智慧篇 7 — 所罗门的祷告与智慧的本性
所罗门与所有凡人本源相同,他回顾祷告如何使他获得智慧,随后列举智慧所启示的一切,最终以赞美的形式称颂智慧为神圣的气息、镜子与形像,神藉此安排万物。
智慧篇
第7章
- 1.所罗门 我与他人一样也是凡人,和众人一样,是大地上第一人之后的子孙;在母亲的子宫里,我也是由血肉构成的,Solomon Like Other Mortals I also am mortal, like all men, a descendant of the first-formed child of earth; and in the womb of a mother I was molded into flesh,
- 2.在十个月的期间,血肉构成,从男人的一滴种子和婚姻的欢愉中而来。within the period of ten months, compacted with blood, from the seed of a man and the pleasure of marriage.
- 3.我出生时,开始呼吸着大众呼吸的空气,坠落于同类的大地,我的第一声就是哭泣,和所有人一样。And when I was born, I began to breathe the common air, and fell upon the kindred earth, and my first sound was a cry, like that of all.
- 4.我被小心地用襁褓包裹着抚养长大。I was nursed with care in swaddling cloths.
- 5.因为没有一位君王有与众不同的起源;For no king has had a different beginning of existence;
- 6.人类所有人都只有一个进入生命的入口,也只有一个共同的离开。there is for all mankind one entrance into life, and a common departure.
- 7.所罗门敬畏智慧 于是我祈祷,得到理解;我呼求神,智慧的灵就来到我。Solomon’s Respect for Wisdom Therefore I prayed, and understanding was given me; I called upon God, and the spirit of wisdom came to me.
- 8.我宁愿选择她也不愿选择权杖和王座,我也以为财富在她面前算不了什么。I preferred her to scepters and thrones, and I accounted wealth as nothing in comparison with her.
- 9.我也没有将她比作任何无价的宝石,因为在她眼中所有的金子不过是微小的沙粒,银子在她面前不过是泥土。Neither did I liken to her any priceless gem, because all gold is but a little sand in her sight, and silver will be accounted as clay before her.
- 10.我比健康和美丽更爱她,我宁愿选择她也不愿选择光明,因为她的光辉永不止息。I loved her more than health and beauty, and I chose to have her rather than light, because her radiance never ceases.
- 11.一切美好的事物都随她而来,难以计数的财富都在她的手中。All good things came to me along with her, and in her hands uncounted wealth.
- 12.我曾因他们所有人而欢喜,因为智慧引导他们,但我不知道她是他们的母亲。I rejoiced in them all, because wisdom leads them; but I did not know that she was their mother.
- 13.我无伪地学习,也无吝地传授;我不隐藏她的财富,I learned without guile and I impart without grudging; I do not hide her wealth,
- 14.因为这是为人所存的不朽财宝,得着它的人就得到了与神为友,并因所受的教训而得称赞的恩赐。for it is an unfailing treasure for men; those who get it obtain friendship with God, commended for the gifts that come from instruction.
- 15.所罗门祈求智慧 愿神使我说话有分寸,思想配得上所受的恩典,因为他是智慧的引导者,也是智者的纠正者。Solomon Prays for Wisdom May God grant that I speak with judgment and have thoughts worthy of what I have received, for he is the guide even of wisdom and the corrector of the wise.
- 16.我们和我们的言语都在他手中,所有的聪明和技艺也都在他手中。For both we and our words are in his hand, as are all understanding and skill in crafts.
- 17.因为他使我明白了万物的存在,知道世界的构造和元素的作用;For it is he who gave me unerring knowledge of what exists, to know the structure of the world and the activity of the elements;
- 18.时之始终与中间,夏冬之交替与四季之更替,the beginning and end and middle of times, the alternations of the solstices and the changes of the seasons,
- 19.一年中的循环和星辰的星座,the cycles of the year and the constellations of the stars,
- 20.动物的天性和野兽的性情,灵的力量和人的推理,植物的种类和根的功效;the natures of animals and the tempers of wild beasts, the powers of spirits and the reasonings of men, the varieties of plants and the virtues of roots;
- 21.我既知道隐秘的,也知道显明的,I learned both what is secret and what is manifest,
- 22.因为造物的智慧教导了我。她本身的性质就是有一种聪明、圣洁、独特、多样、微妙、灵活、清晰、纯洁、分明、不可侵犯、爱好美善、锐利、不可抗拒的精神。for wisdom, the fashioner of all things, taught me. The Nature of Wisdom For in her there is a spirit that is intelligent, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, mobile, clear, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, loving the good, keen, irresistible,
- 23.仁慈的、人道的、坚定的、可靠的、无忧的、全能的、监管一切的、并且能够穿透所有聪明纯洁最微妙的灵魂。beneficent, humane, steadfast, sure, free from anxiety, all-powerful, overseeing all, and penetrating through all spirits that are intelligent and pure and most subtle.
- 24.因为智慧比任何运动都更灵活,正是由于她的纯洁,她渗透并穿透一切事物。For wisdom is more mobile than any motion; because of her pureness she pervades and penetrates all things.
- 25.因为她是上帝力量的一缕气息,也是全能者荣耀的纯洁流露;因此,任何不洁之物都不能进入她。For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled gains entrance into her.
- 26.因为她是永恒光明的反映,是上帝工作的无瑕镜子,也是祂的良善的影像。For she is a reflection of eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness.
- 27.她虽然独一,却能成就一切,在不改变自己的情况下,她使万物更新,在各世各代,她进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们成为上帝的朋友和先知;Though she is but one, she can do all things, and while remaining in herself, she renews all things; in every generation she passes into holy souls and makes them friends of God, and prophets;
- 28.因为上帝最爱那些用智慧生活的人。for God loves nothing so much as the man who lives with wisdom.
- 29.因为她比太阳更美丽,胜过所有星辰的光辉,与光相比,她被发现更为优秀,For she is more beautiful than the sun, and excels every constellation of the stars. Compared with the light she is found to be superior,
- 30.因为黑夜接续于白天,但邪恶不能战胜智慧。for it is succeeded by the night, but against wisdom evil does not prevail.
这段经文的意思
本章开篇,所罗门宣称自己完全认同人类共同体:他以血肉成形,在母腹中由血凝结十个月,以襁褓包裹,在共通的空气中呼吸,与众一样哭叫(1-4 节)。其要点在于修辞上的拉平——即便贵为君王,其生命的入口与共同的终局亦与他人无异(5-6 节)。这使读者将他的见证视为一位具有代表性的恳求者,而非享有特权的局内人。
由此立场出发,他转向真正的恩赐。智慧临到,乃因他祷告并呼求神(7 节);随后他将智慧置于王权、宝座、财富、宝石、健康、美丽与光明之上,因金银与之相较不过如沙土泥土,智慧的光芒永不止息(8-11 节)。生命的诸般福祉真实而美好,然智慧统御之——她是这些福祉的「母亲」,所罗门只是事后才认识到这一地位(12 节)。这宝藏永无亏缺;得着的人必得「与神为友」(14 节),并因所领受的训诲而蒙称许(13-14 节)。
下半章转入对智慧本性的持续冥想。所罗门先求神赐合宜的言辞(15 节),随即承认神乃一切理解与巧艺之源(16 节),并列举智慧所启示的范围:世界的构造、元气的运行、时序与节令的循环、动物、精灵、植物与根茎,无论隐秘或显明之事(17-21 节)。智慧本身随后被描绘为:智慧的、圣洁的、唯一的、多样的、细微的、敏捷的、锐利透澈的——神大能的气息、荣耀的纯净流溢、永恒之光的返照、神作为的无瑕明镜、神美善的形像(22-26 节)。她虽是独一的,却成就万事;在她内自存而更新万物,进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们成为神之友与先知(27 节)。她比太阳更为美丽,邪恶在她面前无法胜过(29-30 节)。
背景
编者按指出,本章系从智慧篇指定的 P0/P1 文本集之外的材料中回填而成,因此在本书中独立成立。文中未提供交叉引用,亦未提供原文词汇注释,故本页仅就章节本身所言加以描述。经文呈现为一个自足的三段式文学单元:所罗门的共同出身(1-6 节)、他个人藉祷告领受智慧(7-14 节)、以及一段赞美神学式的智慧本性与其作为之描述(15-30 节)。贯穿全章的「先列举—再反思」句式结构,赋予本章以教导与见证并重的形态。
由于未提供外部背景资料,此处不对作者身份、写作年代、正典流传史、与希腊化哲学的关系,或此处的「所罗门」究为历史之声抑或文学人格作出论断。所提供之英文文本视为工作译文,不另引入其他译法。
常见问题
所罗门为何在开篇强调其平凡、必死的出身?
1-6 节刻意将这位君王置于与众人相同的生物根基之上:肉身、血液、十月孕期、襁褓包裹、初次啼哭。其修辞效果在于使他对智慧的见证显得可信而具代表性,因而非属特例——如此他说智慧乃藉祷告而来,读者便能以同为恳求者的身分与之认同。
第 14 节的「与神为友」一语当如何理解?
在上下文里,智慧这永不枯竭的宝藏带来一种关系性的结果:得着的人「得以与神为友」,并因训诲所赐的诸般恩赐而蒙称许。在本章之中,这种友谊是具体的——智慧进入圣洁的灵魂,使他们在 27 节成为「神之友与先知」。其意在于:智慧不仅是一种知识,而是一种与神圣者的关系,并由此关系引发出先知性的呼召。
25-26 节中智慧的各项称谓——「气息」、「流溢」、「返照」、「明镜」、「形像」——彼此之间有何关联?
经文以层叠意象而非简单等同的方式展开。智慧被称为「神大能的气息」,暗示其源自神能量的动态根源;「全能者荣耀的纯净流溢」,暗示从神威严流泻而出的光辉;「永恒之光的返照」,暗示那本已先在神中之物在她身上得以可见;「神作为的无瑕明镜」,暗示毫无扭曲的领受;以及「他美善的形像」,暗示她具体显明神的性情。将这些并列阅读,此段将智慧描绘为神的权能、荣耀、光明、作为与美善临在并可传达的中介,然其本身并不等同于神自己。
