BIBLE CHAPTER STUDY
Job 34 — Elihu Defends God's Justice
Elihu addresses the wise, refutes Job's claim that God denies his righteousness, and argues that God, as sovereign ruler, cannot do wickedness or pervert justice.
Scripture
1Moreover Elihu answered and said,
2Hear my words, ye wise men; And give ear unto me, ye that have knowledge.
3For the ear trieth words, As the palate tasteth food.
4Let us choose for us that which is right: Let us know among ourselves what is good.
5For Job hath said, I am righteous, And God hath taken away my right:
6Notwithstanding my right I am accounted a liar; My wound is incurable, though I am without transgression.
7What man is like Job, Who drinketh up scoffing like water,
8Who goeth in company with the workers of iniquity, And walketh with wicked men?
9For he hath said, It profiteth a man nothing That he should delight himself with God.
10Therefore hearken unto me, ye men of understanding: Far be it from God, that he should do wickedness, And from the Almighty, that he should commit iniquity.
11For the work of a man will he render unto him, And cause every man to find according to his ways.
12Yea, of a surety, God will not do wickedly, Neither will the Almighty pervert justice.
13Who gave him a charge over the earth? Or who hath disposed the whole world?
14If he set his heart upon himself, If he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath;
15All flesh shall perish together, And man shall turn again unto dust.
16If now thou hast understanding, hear this: Hearken to the voice of my words.
17Shall even one that hateth justice govern? And wilt thou condemn him that is righteous and mighty?—
18Him that saith to a king, Thou art vile, Or to nobles, Ye are wicked;
19That respecteth not the persons of princes, Nor regardeth the rich more than the poor; For they all are the work of his hands.
20In a moment they die, even at midnight; The people are shaken and pass away, And the mighty are taken away without hand.
21For his eyes are upon the ways of a man, And he seeth all his goings.
22There is no darkness, nor thick gloom, Where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves.
23For he needeth not further to consider a man, That he should go before God in judgment.
24He breaketh in pieces mighty men in ways past finding out, And setteth others in their stead.
25Therefore he taketh knowledge of their works; And he overturneth them in the night, so that they are destroyed.
26He striketh them as wicked men In the open sight of others;
27Because they turned aside from following him, And would not have regard in any of his ways:
28So that they caused the cry of the poor to come unto him, And he heard the cry of the afflicted.
29When he giveth quietness, who then can condemn? And when he hideth his face, who then can behold him? Alike whether it be done unto a nation, or unto a man:
30That the godless man reign not, That there be none to ensnare the people.
31For hath any said unto God, I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more:
32That which I see not teach thou me: If I have done iniquity, I will do it no more?
33Shall his recompense be as thou wilt, that thou refusest it? For thou must choose, and not I: Therefore speak what thou knowest.
34Men of understanding will say unto me, Yea, every wise man that heareth me:
35220 speaketh without knowledge, And his words are without wisdom.
36Would that Job were tried unto the end, Because of his answering like wicked men.
37For he addeth rebellion unto his sin; He clappeth his hands among us, And multiplieth his words against God.
What this passage means
Elihu opens by appealing to those with understanding, comparing the ear's testing of words to the palate's tasting of food (vv. 1–4), then turns to attack what he presents as Job's position: that he is righteous yet God has taken away his right (vv. 5–9). He frames Job as claiming there is no profit in delighting in God and as aligning himself with evildoers through his defiant speech.
In the central argument (vv. 10–30), Elihu insists that God does no wickedness and does not pervert justice, since He repays every person according to his ways (v. 11). Sovereignty over all creation (vv. 13–15) and impartiality toward rich and poor (vv. 18–19) ground His right to govern. His eyes are on every path (v. 21), no darkness hides the wicked (v. 22), and He removes the mighty without need of formal investigation (vv. 23–24).
Elihu closes (vv. 31–37) by addressing Job directly: the proper response to chastening is confession and a pledge not to offend again, not further rebellion. He then appeals to the wise to judge whether Job has spoken without knowledge and adds rebellion to his sin, multiplying words against God.
Context
Job 34 is the third speech of Elihu, the younger friend who has been speaking since Job 32. The chapter addresses Job's repeated claim that the Almighty treats him unjustly. Elihu reframes the debate: Job's problem is not God's injustice but his own rebellious speech. Elihu also defends God's governance by appealing to divine sovereignty, omniscience, and impartiality, themes that continue into Job 35.
The curated chapter note simply records that this chapter was backfilled from Job outside an earlier P0/P1 scope, so no additional interpretive notes from the source are available.
Key words in the original
- H4941 מִשְׁפָּט (mišpāṭ) appears in vv. 4 ('what is right') and 5 ('justice'). Elihu calls his listeners to choose mišpāṭ and declares that Job says God has taken away his mišpāṭ, setting up his argument that God's verdicts are always just.
- H6663 צָדַקְתִּי (ṣādaqtî, 'I am innocent/righteous') in v. 5 quotes Job's self-defence as Elihu reports it, the very claim Elihu will spend the chapter answering.
- H2050 וְ (wə, 'and') is the most common conjunction linking Elihu's speech. In v. 5 ('but') and v. 10 it carries contrastive force, marking the pivot from Job's accusation to Elihu's defence of God.
Related verses
- Deuteronomy 32:4 Elihu's claim that God does no wickedness and does not pervert justice (vv. 10, 12) echoes the Song of Moses, which portrays God as a Rock whose work is perfect and whose ways are justice.
- Job 31:4 Elihu's assertion that God's eyes are on every path and He sees all a man's steps (v. 21) parallels Job's own earlier confession that God sees his ways and numbers all his steps.
- Romans 2:6 Elihu's principle that God renders to a man according to his ways (v. 11) and causes each to find according to his ways is the same principle Paul cites when explaining divine judgment.
Common questions
Why does Elihu say Job has spoken 'like wicked men'?
Because Elihu reads Job's words as accusing God of injustice (vv. 5–6) and as implying that delighting in God profits nothing (v. 9). In Elihu's framework, such claims amount to siding with evildoers (v. 8) and he therefore wants Job 'tried to the end' (v. 36).
Does Elihu think God can ever be wrong?
No. He explicitly denies it in vv. 10–12: it is unthinkable ('far be it') that God would do wickedness, and He will not pervert justice. His argument rests on God's sovereignty over creation, His impartiality toward rich and poor, and His watchful oversight of every path.
What response does Elihu think Job should give to suffering?
In vv. 31–33 Elihu models the response he wants: Job should say to God, 'I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more,' and ask to be taught what he cannot see. Elihu rejects further argument as adding rebellion to sin (v. 37).