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创世记 19 章：所多玛的毁灭与罗得的拯救

两位天使来到所多玛，将罗得及其家人从即将毁灭的城中救出，并施行耶和华从天降火审判所多玛和蛾摩拉。

经文

1.那兩個天使晚上到了所多瑪；羅得正坐在所多瑪城門口，看見他們，就起來迎接，臉伏於地下拜，And the two angels came to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: and Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them; and he bowed himself with his face to the earth;
2.說：我主阿，請你們到僕人家裡洗洗腳，住一夜，清早起來再走。他們說：不！我們要在街上過夜。and he said, Behold now, my lords, turn aside, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your way. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night.
3.羅得切切的請他們，他們這才進去，到他屋裡。羅得為他們預備筵席，烤無酵餅，他們就吃了。And he urged them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.
4.他們還沒有躺下，所多瑪城裡各處的人，連老帶少，都來圍住那房子，But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both young and old, all the people from every quarter;
5.呼叫羅得說：今日晚上到你這裡來的人在那裡呢？把他們帶出來，任我們所為。and they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
6.羅得出來，把門關上，到眾人那裡，And Lot went out unto them to the door, and shut the door after him.
7.說：眾弟兄，請你們不要作這惡事。And he said, I pray you, my brethren, do not so wickedly.
8.我有兩個女兒，還是處女，容我領出來，任憑你們的心願而行；只是這兩個人既然到我舍下，不要向他們作甚麼。Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing, forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof.
9.眾人說：退去罷！又說：這個人來寄居，還想要作官哪！現在我們要害你比害他們更甚。眾人就向前擁擠羅得，要攻破房門。And they said, Stand back. And they said, This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.
10.只是那二人伸出手來，將羅得拉進屋去，把門關上，But the men put forth their hand, and brought Lot into the house to them, and shut to the door.
11.並且使門外的人，無論老少，眼都昏迷；他們摸來摸去，總尋不著房門。And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that they wearied themselves to find the door.
12.二人對羅得說：你這裡還有甚麼人麼？無論是女婿是兒女，和這城中一切屬你的人，你都要將他們從這地方帶出去。And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son-in-law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whomsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of the place:
13.我們要毀滅這地方；因為城內罪惡的聲音在耶和華面前甚大，耶和華差我們來，要毀滅這地方。for we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxed great before Jehovah; and Jehovah hath sent us to destroy it.
14.羅得就出去，告訴娶了 ( 或作將要娶 ) 他女兒的女婿們說：你們起來離開這地方，因為耶和華要毀滅這城。他女婿們卻以為他說的是戲言。And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons-in-law, who married his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for Jehovah will destroy the city. But he seemed unto his sons-in-law as one that mocked.
15.天明了，天使催逼羅得說：起來！帶著你的妻子和你在這裡的兩個女兒出去，免得你因這城裡的罪惡同被剿滅。And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here, lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city.
16.但羅得遲延不走。二人因為耶和華憐恤羅得，就拉著他的手和他妻子的手，並他兩個女兒的手，把他們領出來，安置在城外；But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters, Jehovah being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city.
17.領他們出來以後，就說：逃命罷！不可回頭看，也不可在平原站住。要往山上逃跑，免得你被剿滅。And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.
18.羅得對他們說：我主阿，不要如此！And Lot said unto them, Oh, not so, my lord:
19.你僕人已經在你眼前蒙恩；你又向我顯出莫大的慈愛，救我的性命。我不能逃到山上去，恐怕這災禍臨到我，我便死了。behold now, thy servant hath found favor in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy lovingkindness, which thou hast showed unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest evil overtake me, and I die:
20.看哪，這座城又小又近，容易逃到，這不是一個小的麼？求你容我逃到那裡，我的性命就得存活。behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one. Oh let me escape thither (is it not a little one?), and my soul shall live.
21.天使對他說：這事我也應允你；我不傾覆你所說的這城。And he said unto him, See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow the city of which thou hast spoken.
22.你要速速地逃到那城；因為你還沒有到那裡，我不能作甚麼。因此那城名叫瑣珥 ( 就是小的意思 ) 。Haste thee, escape thither; for I cannot do anything till thou be come thither. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
23.羅得到了瑣珥，日頭已經出來了。The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot came unto Zoar.
24.當時，耶和華將硫磺與火從天上耶和華那裡降與所多瑪和蛾摩拉，Then Jehovah rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from Jehovah out of heaven;
25.把那些城和全平原，並城裡所有的居民，連地上生長的，都毀滅了。and he overthrew those cities, and all the Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.
26.羅得的妻子在後邊回頭一看，就變成了一根鹽柱。But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.
27.亞伯拉罕清早起來，到了他從前站在耶和華面前的地方，And Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before Jehovah:
28.向所多瑪和蛾摩拉與平原的全地觀看，不料，那地方煙氣上騰，如同燒窯一般。and he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace.
29.當　神毀滅平原諸城的時候，他記念亞伯拉罕，正在傾覆羅得所住之城的時候，就打發羅得從傾覆之中出來。And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the Plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in which Lot dwelt.
30.羅得因為怕住在瑣珥，就同他兩個女兒從瑣珥上去，住在山裡；他和兩個女兒住在一個洞裡。And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters.
31.大女兒對小女兒說：我們的父親老了，地上又無人按著世上的常規進到我們這裡。And the first-born said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:
32.來！我們可以叫父親喝酒，與他同寢。這樣，我們好從他存留後裔。come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
33.於是，那夜他們叫父親喝酒，大女兒就進去和他父親同寢；他幾時躺下，幾時起來，父親都不知道。And they made their father drink wine that night: and the first-born went in, and lay with her father; and he knew not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
34.第二天，大女兒對小女兒說：我昨夜與父親同寢。今夜我們再叫他喝酒，你可以進去與他同寢。這樣，我們好從父親存留後裔。And it came to pass on the morrow, that the first-born said unto the younger, Behold, I lay yesternight with my father: let us make him drink wine this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
35.於是，那夜他們又叫父親喝酒，小女兒起來與他父親同寢；他幾時躺下，幾時起來，父親都不知道。And they made their father drink wine that night also: and the younger arose, and lay with him; and he knew not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
36.這樣，羅得的兩個女兒都從他父親懷了孕。Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father.
37.大女兒生了兒子，給他起名叫摩押，就是現今摩押人的始祖。And the first-born bare a son, and called his name Moab: the same is the father of the Moabites unto this day.
38.小女兒也生了兒子，給他起名叫便亞米，就是現今亞捫人的始祖。And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name Ben-ammi: the same is the father of the children of Ammon unto this day.

这段经文的意思

本章鲜明地对比了神向罗得所施的怜悯与倾倒于所多玛、蛾摩拉的可怕审判。天使的到来同时引发了保护与毁灭：罗得被从城中强行拉出（19:16），而两城则被"从耶和华那里降下的硫磺与火"所摧毁（19:24）。反复出现的恳求"免得你被毁灭"（19:15、17）凸显了在审判面前顺从的紧迫性。

核心的伦理危机在罗得的门口展开，他将自己的两个未婚女儿交给围堵的暴民，以保护天使客人（19:8）。这令人震惊的决定暴露了所多玛堕落的深度，却也表明了庇护客人的礼节——即便代价惨重，罗得仍坚守这一价值。暴民被击瞎（19:11）说明人的暴力只能被神的干预所阻止。

后续情节揭示了罗得家族的悲剧轨迹。他的妻子因回头观看而变成"一根盐柱"（19:26），他的女儿们则自认是世上仅存之人，便密谋借父亲传宗接代（19:31-36）。这些后裔成为摩押人与便亚米人（19:37-38）。本章由此将邪恶的审判与以色列邻国混乱而有瑕疵的起源联系起来。

背景

创世记 19 章的事件紧随创世记 18 章中神显现于亚伯拉罕之后，主在那裡宣告撒拉将生子，并揭露所多玛、蛾摩拉的罪声已经甚大。亚伯拉罕为二城代求，本章以两位天使傍晚到达所多玛作为开端。由于所提供的资料中并未显示该章前后的内容，解读需依赖本章正文、附注的交叉引用以及精选注释。

交叉引用将罗得的妻子置于更广泛的圣经主题中，即回望神所毁灭之物：路加福音 17:32 吩咐"当记念罗得的妻子"。所多玛的火成为马太福音 24 章与路加福音 17 章中末世审判的常见预表。经文总括说"神记念亚伯拉罕，便在倾覆之中把罗得领出来"（19:29），将罗得的拯救与前文亚伯拉罕的代求相联系。

原文关键词

H4397 希伯来语 מַלְאָךִים（malʾāḵiym），意为"使者"或"天使"。创世记 19:1 中这两位访客最初被称为"两个天使"，呼应创世记 18 章中拜访亚伯拉罕的三个人。
H8179 希伯来语 שַׁעַר（šaʿar），意为"门"或"城门"。罗得"坐在所多玛城门口"（19:1），在旧约世界中这是进行审判与公众活动的场所，显示罗得已在城中领袖中具有一定地位。
H3876 希伯来语 לוֹט（Lôṭ），人名"罗得"，亚伯拉罕的侄子。该名在本章多次出现，作为焦点人物，尤其在拯救叙事中，他的迟疑（19:16）与神的紧迫形成对比。

常见问题

为何罗得在创世记 19:8 中将自己的女儿交给暴民？

在本章所体现的古近东价值观中，保护已入自己屋檐下的客人是绝对的责任。罗得在 19:8 中以这一责任为由，声称这两人已"投在我的屋檐之下"。他那令人发指的提议既揭示了所多玛文化对普通伦理的深度败坏，也表明罗得为恪守待客之礼愿意付出多大代价。

罗得的妻子为何变成盐柱（创世记 19:26）？

经文仅记载"她回头一看，就变成了一根盐柱"（19:26）。天使在 19:17 中曾命令不可回头。叙述将她回头视为在直接命令之下的悖逆之举，而非单纯出于好奇。"在他后边"一语暗示她在逃离时身体上落后于罗得。

创世记 19 章与耶稣在路加福音 17:32 中的话有何关联？

路加福音 17:32 说"当记念罗得的妻子"，直接引自创世记 19:26。耶稣将她置于末论的背景中：正如审判突然临到所多玛，人子降临的日子也将如此。回头观望被毁灭的世界，被视为在逃离中未能完全委身的属灵失败，使罗得的妻子成为分心忠诚的典范。

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创世记 19 章：所多玛的毁灭与罗得的拯救

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背景

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