《便西拉智训》10章——智慧、骄傲与尊荣
《便西拉智训》第10章将统治者的品质与百姓的品质相联系,将骄傲追溯至远离主,并以敬畏主作为人之尊荣的真正尺度。
德训篇
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德训篇
第10章
- 1.一个明智的官员会教育他的百姓,一个有见识的人的统治将井然有序。A wise magistrate will educate his people, and the rule of an understanding man will be well ordered.
- 2.百姓如何,官吏也如何;城邑如何,居民也如何。Like the magistrate of the people, so are his officials; and like the ruler of the city, so are all its inhabitants.
- 3.不守法度的王必使国民受害,城邑因官长有见识而兴盛An undisciplined king will ruin his people, but a city will grow through the understanding of its rulers.
- 4.地上的政府在主的手中,他要在适当的时候兴起合适的人。The government of the earth is in the hands of the Lord, and over it he will raise up the right man for the time.
- 5.一个人的成功在于主的手中,他将荣耀赐予抄写人的身边。The success of a man is in the hands of the Lord, and he confers his honor upon the person of the scribe.
- 6.傲慢的罪恶 不要为邻居所受的伤害而愤怒,也不要试图通过傲慢的行为做任何事情。The Sin of Pride Do not be angry with your neighbor for any injury, and do not attempt anything by acts of insolence.
- 7.狂妄在上帝和人面前都是可憎的,暴虐也会让人和上帝都感到愤怒。Arrogance is hateful before the Lord and before men, and injustice is outrageous to both.
- 8.主权因不公和骄傲以及财富而从一个国家转移到另一个国家。Sovereignty passes from nation to nation on account of injustice and insolence and wealth.
- 9.他既是尘土和灰,怎能自豪呢?因为他活着的时候,肠子就已经朽坏了。How can he who is dust and ashes be proud? for even in life his bowels decay.
- 10.长期的疾病会让医生束手无策,今日的国王可能明天就会死去。A long illness baffles the physician; the king of today will die tomorrow.
- 11.因为人死了以后,他必承受爬行的物,野地的兽和虫子。For when a man is dead, he will inherit creeping things, and wild beasts, and worms.
- 12.人的骄傲开始于离弃主,他的心已经抛弃了造他的主。The beginning of man’s pride is to depart from the Lord; his heart has forsaken his Maker.
- 13.骄傲的起头是罪恶,坚持骄傲的人滔滔不绝地说出可憎的话。因此,主使他们遭受非常的灾难,并彻底毁灭了他们。For the beginning of pride is sin, and the man who clings to it pours out abominations. Therefore the Lord brought upon them extraordinary afflictions, and destroyed them utterly.
- 14.主已经推翻了君王的宝座,却使卑微的人坐在他们的位置上。The Lord has cast down the thrones of rulers, and has seated the lowly in their place.
- 15.主已经拔出列国的根,代之以谦卑的人。The Lord has plucked up the roots of the nations, and has planted the humble in their place.
- 16.主已经翻转列国之地,并且将他们毁灭到大地的根基。The Lord has overthrown the lands of the nations, and has destroyed them to the foundations of the earth.
- 17.他已经除掉其中一些,毁灭了他们,并且从大地上消灭了他们的记念。He has removed some of them and destroyed them, and has extinguished the memory of them from the earth.
- 18.骄傲不是为人所造的,愤怒也不是为女子所生的。Pride was not created for men, nor fierce anger for those born of women.
- 19.应受尊敬的人 什么种族配得尊敬?人类。 什么种族配得尊敬?敬畏上帝的人。 什么种族不配得尊敬?人类。 什么种族不配得尊敬?违背诫命的人。Persons Deserving Honor What race is worthy of honor? The human race. What race is worthy of honor? Those who fear the Lord. What race is unworthy of honor? The human race. What race is unworthy of honor? Those who transgress the commandments.
- 20.在兄弟中,他们的领袖是配得尊敬的,敬畏上主的人在他眼中也是配得尊敬的。Among brothers their leader is worthy of honor, and those who fear the Lord are worthy of honor in his eyes.
- 22.富人、尊贵人和贫穷人——他们的荣耀是敬畏耶和华。The rich, and the eminent, and the poor— their glory is the fear of the Lord.
- 23.不应该轻视聪明的穷人,也不应该尊敬有罪的恶人。It is not right to despise an intelligent poor man, nor is it proper to honor a sinful man.
- 24.贵族、官员、统治者都将受到尊敬,但没有一个比敬畏上帝的人更伟大。The nobleman, and the judge, and the ruler will be honored, but none of them is greater than the man who fears the Lord.
- 25.自由的人会侍奉一个聪明的仆人,一个有悟性的人不会发牢骚。Free men will be at the service of a wise servant, and a man of understanding will not grumble.
- 26.关于谦逊 不要在工作时夸耀你的智慧,也不要在你需要帮助的时候自夸。Concerning Humility Do not make a display of your wisdom when you do your work, nor glorify yourself at a time when you are in want.
- 27.勤劳而且富足胜过夸口而缺乏食物的人Better is a man who works and has an abundance of everything, than one who goes about boasting, but lacks bread.
- 28.我的儿子,你要以谦逊使自己得到荣耀,并按照你的价值给自己荣誉。My son, glorify yourself with humility, and ascribe to yourself honor according to your worth.
- 29.谁能为违背自己良心的人辩护呢?谁能尊敬那些亵渎自己生命的人呢?Who will justify the man that sins against himself? And who will honor the man that dishonors his own life?
- 30.穷人因知识受尊敬,富人因财富受尊敬。A poor man is honored for his knowledge, while a rich man is honored for his wealth.
- 31.贫穷中得尊敬的人,在富足中更得尊敬,富足中不得尊敬的人,在贫穷中更不得尊敬A man honored in poverty, how much more in wealth! And a man dishonored in wealth, how much more in poverty!
这段经文的意思
本章开篇将贤明的治理与教育相连:施教的地方官所造就的官员与百姓皆反映出他的见识;而无纪律的君王则毁灭自己的百姓。第4节将地上的治理根基于主的手中,因此合适领袖的兴起与文士所获的尊荣,皆是神所赐之礼物,并非仅仅出于人的成就(第1–5节)。
中段急转直下,矛头直指骄傲。骄傲在神与人面前皆为可憎;国与国之间主权之更迭,乃因不义与傲慢;人亦被提醒本是尘土,肉身终将朽坏,归于蛆虫所承之地(第6–11、18节)。其根本诊断在于:'人骄傲的起头,乃是远离主'。历史印证了这一模式:主倾覆宝座,拔除列国,将谦卑者安置其位(第12–17节)。
末段重新定义尊荣。在弟兄之中为首者受到尊崇,但敬畏主的人在主眼中受尊;富足者与贫穷者皆在敬畏主中得着荣耀。轻看有智慧的穷人或尊荣有罪的富人皆为不当,敬畏主超越一切地位;谦卑的自举与诚实的劳作,于此被置于虚浮的炫耀之对面(第19–31节)。
背景
第10章位于《便西拉智训》——一部智慧书——之中,其完整的章节文本此处未提供,因此任何更宏观的论述必须限于本章自身所述。所附的章节记录仅表明本章系由P0/P1优先级范围之外的材料回填而来,并无关于其主题或来源的进一步注释。
在本章自身之中,可辨出三个运动:关于统治者及其百姓之品质的一段(第1–5节);关于骄傲作为远离主的一段(第6–18节,以小标题'骄傲之罪'引入);以及由若干小标题引入,关于堪受尊荣者与谦卑的一段(第19–31节)。标准英文编号中的第21节与第27节未见于所提供的经文列表,故此处的讨论仅反映所列出的经文。
常见问题
《便西拉智训》为何说主权在列国之间转移?
本章在同一句中即说明了原因:主权因不义、傲慢与财富而由一国转移至另一国,这被置于其更广阔的论证——骄傲始于远离主——之中。
《便西拉智训》第10章视何为尊荣的真正尺度?
第19–24节教导,人类本配得尊荣,但尤指那些敬畏主的人;富足者与贫穷者皆在敬畏主中得着荣耀,任何职位或财富皆不能超越敬畏主之人。
《便西拉智训》第10章如何描述骄傲?
本章称骄傲在神与人面前皆为可憎,追溯其起头在于远离主、离弃造他的主,并警戒人若紧紧抓住骄傲,便会倾倒种种可憎之事;主则作出回应,倾覆宝座,拔除列国(第7、12–17节)。
