德训篇 6——论朋友、言语与寻求智慧
《德训篇》第6章将虚假的友谊与忠实的友谊相对照,并呼吁读者以耐心、终生的努力追求智慧。
德训篇
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德训篇
第6章
- 1.恶名招致羞辱和耻笑:如此是双舌的罪人所遭遇的。for a bad name incurs shame and reproach: so fares the double-tongued sinner.
- 2.不要倚靠自己的心思而自高自大,否则你的灵魂将像公牛一样被撕裂。Do not exalt yourself through your soul’s counsel, lest your soul be torn in pieces like a bull.
- 3.你们要吃掉自己的叶子,毁掉自己的果子,并且要像枯萎的树一样。You will devour your leaves and destroy your fruit, and will be left like a withered tree.
- 4.邪恶的灵魂会毁灭拥有它的人,并使他成为敌人嘲笑的对象。An evil soul will destroy him who has it, and make him the laughingstock of his enemies.
- 5.友谊,虚假和真实 悦人的声音增多朋友,和蔼的舌头增多礼貌。Friendship, False and True A pleasant voice multiplies friends, and a gracious tongue multiplies courtesies.
- 6.愿与你和睦的人多如沙粒,但愿你的谋士只有千人之一。Let those that are at peace with you be many, but let your advisers be one in a thousand.
- 7.你获得一个朋友时,要通过考验来获得,并且不要轻易相信他。When you gain a friend, gain him through testing, and do not trust him hastily.
- 8.因为有这样的一种朋友,只在方便的时候是朋友,但在你遭难的日子里,却不会站在你身边。For there is a friend who is such at his own convenience, but will not stand by you in your day of trouble.
- 9.还有一个朋友会变成敌人,并会揭露争执使你蒙羞。And there is a friend who changes into an enemy, and will disclose a quarrel to your disgrace.
- 10.还有这样一种朋友,是与你同席而食的朋友,但在你遭难的日子里,他却不肯帮助你。And there is a friend who is a table companion, but will not stand by you in your day of trouble.
- 11.在你繁荣的时候,他会把自己当作你的对等,且会对你的仆人放肆;In your prosperity he will make himself your equal, and be bold with your servants;
- 12.但如果你降卑,他就会转而与你为敌,并在你面前隐藏自己。but if you are brought low he will turn against you, and will hide himself from your presence.
- 13.远离你的敌人,对你的朋友要谨慎。Keep yourself far from your enemies, and be on guard toward your friends.
- 14.一个忠诚的朋友是一座坚固的避难所:找到一个这样的朋友就等于找到了一笔宝藏。A faithful friend is a sturdy shelter: he that has found one has found a treasure.
- 15.没有什么比忠实的朋友更宝贵的,没有任何衡量标准能够衡量出他的优秀。There is nothing so precious as a faithful friend, and no scales can measure his excellence.
- 16.信实的朋友是生命的甘露,敬畏上帝的人必得着他。A faithful friend is an elixir of life; and those who fear the Lord will find him.
- 17.敬畏上帝的人,知道如何交友,因为他是什么样的人,他的邻居也是什么样的人。Whoever fears the Lord directs his friendship aright, for as he is, so is his neighbor also.
- 18.智慧的祝福 我的儿子,从你年轻时就选择教诲,直到你年老,你仍将不断寻找智慧。Blessings of Wisdom My son, from your youth up choose instruction, and until you are old you will keep finding wisdom.
- 19.像一个耕种和撒种的人来到她身边,等待她美好的收获。因为在她的服务中,你只会劳苦一会儿,很快你就会享用她的产物。Come to her like one who plows and sows, and wait for her good harvest. For in her service you will toil a little while, and soon you will eat of her produce.
- 20.她对没有受过教诲的人似乎非常严厉;软弱的人不能与她同在。She seems very harsh to the uninstructed; a weakling will not remain with her.
- 21.她将像一块沉重的试验石压在他身上,他也不会迟延地将她抛弃。She will weigh him down like a heavy testing stone, and he will not be slow to cast her off.
- 22.因为智慧如同她的名字一样,不为许多人所显现。For wisdom is like her name, and is not manifest to many.
- 23.听啊,我的儿子,也要接受我的判断,不要丢弃我的劝诫。Listen, my son, and accept my judgment; do not reject my counsel.
- 24.把你的脚放在她的锁链里,把你的脖子放在她的枷锁中。Put your feet into her fetters, and your neck into her collar.
- 25.把你的肩膀放在她身上,承担她,不要为她的重担烦恼。Put your shoulder under her and carry her, and do not fret under her bonds.
- 26.用你全部的灵魂亲近她,并用你全部的力量遵守她的道。Come to her with all your soul, and keep her ways with all your might.
- 27.寻找和寻求,她就会为你所知晓;当你抓住她时,不要放手。Search out and seek, and she will become known to you; and when you get hold of her, do not let her go.
- 28.最后你们终必找到她所赐的安息,她也必变为你们的喜乐。For at last you will find the rest she gives, and she will be changed into joy for you.
- 29.到那时,她的锁链要成为你强大的保护,她的项圈要成为你荣耀的外袍。Then her fetters will become for you a strong protection, and her collar a glorious robe.
- 30.她的轭是金子的装饰,她的锁链是蓝色的绳子。Her yoke is a golden ornament, and her bonds are a cord of blue.
- 31.你们必将她如同荣耀的衣服穿上,如同喜乐的冠冕戴上。You will wear her like a glorious robe, and put her on like a crown of gladness.
- 32.你若愿意,我的儿子,你就会受到教诲,并且你会变得聪明。If you are willing, my son, you will be taught, and if you apply yourself you will become clever.
- 33.如果你喜欢听,你就会获得知识,如果你侧耳倾听,你就会变得聪明。If you love to listen you will gain knowledge, and if you incline your ear you will become wise.
- 34.站在长老的会中。 谁是智慧人? 就与他亲近。Stand in the assembly of the elders. Who is wise? Cleave to him.
- 35.要准备好听每一个故事,切不可让智慧的谚语从你身边溜走。Be ready to listen to every narrative, and do not let wise proverbs escape you.
- 36.如果你看见一个智慧人,就要早去拜访他,让你的脚常常磨损他的门槛。If you see an intelligent man, visit him early; let your foot wear out his doorstep.
- 37.思考主的律法,并常常默想他的诫命。他将使你心中明白,并使你智慧的愿望得以成就。Reflect on the statutes of the Lord, and meditate at all times on his commandments. It is he who will give insight to your mind, and your desire for wisdom will be granted.
这段经文的意思
本章开篇警告双舌之言(第1节),以及导致败亡的自我高举;其形象如公牛被撕碎、树木被剥去枝叶和果实、灵魂被仇敌讥笑(第2–4节)。言语和骄傲被描绘为社会崩坏的起点。
第5–17节区分了不同类型的同伴。好听的言语能增添朋友,但惟有经过考验的朋友才可信(第5–7节)。文中描绘了若干肖像——顺境中的朋友、反目成仇的朋友、患难时消失的酒肉朋友(第8–13节)。与这些形成对照的是忠实的朋友,被描述为庇护、珍宝和“生命的妙药”(第14–16节)。第17节把真正的友谊建立在敬畏上主之上,将人的品格与其所吸引的邻舍类型联系起来。
第18–37节转向智慧。读者被告知要从小选择训诲,接受其严厉的管教,并像负轭和戴颈圈一样把自己与之系在一起(第18–31节)。比喻发生转变:起初觉得沉重的东西,竟成为“坚固的保障”和“荣耀的衣袍”(第29节)。本章以实际操练作结——聆听、坐在智者脚前、默想上主的律例——智慧借此被赐予(第32–37节)。
背景
《德训篇》第6章属于一部以希伯来文写成(后来译成希腊文及其他语言)的智慧书,该书汇集了关于品行、言语和敬畏上主的格言。本章由两个主题脉络统一起来——对朋友的考验与对智慧有纪律的追求——并藉着反复出现的宣告相连:敬畏上主塑造人的品格与人际关系。
所提供的整理说明指出,本章属于先前选定的 P0/P1 集合之外的补录内容;随这段经文没有提供外部注释、交叉引用或原文语言数据。因此,本参考页只描述本章本身所陈述的内容。
常见问题
《德训篇》第6章的主旨是什么?
本章教导两个成对的功课:在信任友谊之前先考验它,并以耐心的操练追求智慧。它把二者都奠基于敬畏上主,把忠实的朋友和真智慧呈现为一种按天主诫命而安排之生命彼此相连的恩赐。
《德训篇》第6章如何描述虚假的朋友与忠实的朋友?
虚假的朋友是顺境中令人愉快,却在患难中消失,甚至变为仇敌的人(第8–13节)。忠实的朋友被称为坚固的庇护、珍宝和“生命的妙药”,是敬畏上主之人所能寻见的(第14–16节)。
《德训篇》第6章为何把智慧的管教描述为既沉重又喜乐?
本章首先把智慧呈现为严厉的,如同沉重的石头和脚镣(第20–25节),随后转变这一形象:坚持到底的人寻得安息,脚镣变成“坚固的保障”,智慧也成为“荣耀的衣袍”和“喜乐的冠冕”(第28–31节)。要点在于,起初费力的付出最终带来喜乐。
