《西拉书》11章——表象、勤奋与神的主权
这是一卷智慧文集,警示人不可凭外表判断,敦促人深思熟虑,告诫人的努力无法保证结果,并肯定神对兴盛与患难拥有至高主权。
德训篇
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德训篇
第11章
- 1.外表的欺骗 谦逊的人的智慧必抬起他的头,并使他与贵人同坐The Deceptiveness of Appearances The wisdom of a humble man will lift up his head, and will seat him among the great.
- 2.不要因为一个人的外貌而称赞他,也不要因为一个人的长相而憎恶他。Do not praise a man for his good looks, nor loathe a man because of his appearance.
- 3.蜜蜂在飞行的生物中是最小的,但它的产品是最好的甜物。The bee is small among flying creatures, but her product is the best of sweet things.
- 4.不要因穿着华丽的衣服而自夸,也不要在你受到尊敬的日子里自高自大,因为主的作为是奇妙的,祂的作为往往隐藏于人。Do not boast about wearing fine clothes, nor exalt yourself in the day that you are honored; for the works of the Lord are wonderful, and his works are concealed from men.
- 5.许多君王都曾经沦落到坐在地上,而一个从未被人想到的人却戴上了王冠。Many kings have had to sit on the ground, but one who was never thought of has worn a crown.
- 6.许多君王都大大地蒙羞,尊贵的人也落在别人手里。Many rulers have been greatly disgraced, and illustrious men have been handed over to others.
- 7.审慎与谨慎 在调查之前不要指责错误,先考虑然后批评Deliberation and Caution Do not find fault before you investigate; first consider, and then reprove.
- 8.不要在听完之前回答,也不要在说话的人说话时插嘴。Do not answer before you have heard, nor interrupt a speaker in the midst of his words.
- 9.不要为与你无关的事争论,也不要与作恶的人同坐,听他们审判案件。Do not argue about a matter which does not concern you, nor sit with sinners when they judge a case.
- 10.我的儿子,不要忙于许多事情;如果你增加活动,你不会不受惩罚,如果你追求,你不会追上,而且通过逃跑,你不会逃脱。My son, do not busy yourself with many matters; if you multiply activities you will not go unpunished, and if you pursue you will not overtake, and by fleeing you will not escape.
- 11.有一个人辛劳劳碌、孜孜不倦地工作,却越发贫穷。There is a man who works, and toils, and presses on, but is so much the more in want.
- 12.还有一个人行动迟缓,需要帮助,力量不够,贫穷很多,但耶和华的眼目看顾他为他的好,他从低处将他抬起There is another who is slow and needs help, who lacks strength and abounds in poverty; but the eyes of the Lord look upon him for his good; he lifts him out of his low estate
- 13.他抬起头来,以致许多人惊奇他。and raises up his head, so that many are amazed at him.
- 14.善事与恶事,生与死,贫穷与富足,都出于主。Good things and bad, life and death, poverty and wealth, come from the Lord.
- 17.主的恩赐使敬虔的人永远得福,他所喜悦的必得亨通The gift of the Lord endures for those who are godly, and what he approves will have lasting success.
- 18.有一个人因勤劳和自我节制而富有,这是分配给他的报酬:There is a man who is rich through his diligence and self-denial, and this is the reward allotted to him:
- 19.当他说“我的心灵得到了安息,现在我要享受我的财产”时,他不知道还要过多少时间才会把财产留给别人然后死去。when he says, “I have found rest, and now I shall enjoy my goods!” he does not know how much time will pass until he leaves them to others and dies.
- 20.坚守你的约,遵守它,并在你的工作中渐渐老去。Stand by your covenant and attend to it, and grow old in your work.
- 21.不要对恶人的行为感到惊奇,只要信靠主并且继续劳碌,因为在主眼中,很容易迅速而突然地使穷人富裕起来。Do not wonder at the works of a sinner, but trust in the Lord and keep at your toil; for it is easy in the sight of the Lord to enrich a poor man quickly and suddenly.
- 22.主的福气是义人的赏赐,神迅速使他的福气繁荣。The blessing of the Lord is the reward of the godly, and quickly God causes his blessing to flourish.
- 23.不要说:“我需要什么,未来会给我带来什么繁荣?”Do not say, “What do I need, and what prosperity could be mine in the future?”
- 24.不要说“我的已经足够了,将来还会有什么灾祸临到我呢”Do not say, “I have enough, and what calamity could happen to me in the future?”
- 25.在繁荣的日子里,逆境被遗忘,在逆境的日子里,繁荣不被记住。In the day of prosperity, adversity is forgotten, and in the day of adversity, prosperity is not remembered.
- 26.因为在主看来,按照一个人的行为,在他死的那天报应他是容易的。For it is easy in the sight of the Lord to reward a man on the day of death according to his conduct.
- 27.一时的痛苦使人忘却奢华,而当一个人生命的终结时,他所做的一切都会被揭示出来。The misery of an hour makes one forget luxury, and at the close of a man’s life his deeds will be revealed.
- 28.在一个人死之前,不要说他是幸福的;一个人的好坏往往要看他的后代。Call no one happy before his death; a man will be known through his children.
- 29.选择朋友要谨慎,不要把每个人都带到你家里,因为狡猾的人有很多诡计。Care in Choosing Friends Do not bring every man into your home, for many are the wiles of the crafty.
- 30.像笼中的诱鸟一样,骄傲的人的心也是如此,他像一个密探一样观察你的弱点;Like a decoy partridge in a cage, so is the mind of a proud man, and like a spy he observes your weakness;
- 31.因为他潜伏在暗中,将善事变为恶事,并对值得称赞的行为加以指责。for he lies in wait, turning good into evil, and to worthy actions he will attach blame.
- 32.一星火可以燒成很多燒紅的炭,罪人藏伏著要流人血。From a spark of fire come many burning coals, and a sinner lies in wait to shed blood.
- 33.要提防恶人,因为他谋划恶事,免得他给你留下永久的污点。Beware of a scoundrel, for he devises evil, lest he give you a lasting blemish.
- 34.接待一个陌生人到你的家里,他会用喧闹扰乱你,并会使你与你的家人疏远。Receive a stranger into your home and he will upset you with commotion, and will estrange you from your family.
这段经文的意思
《西拉书》11章开篇即打破表面的判断。谦卑者可能坐在尊贵人中间(1节),外貌并不能提供可靠的信息(2节),微小的蜜蜂却能酿出最甘美的蜜(3节)。君王曾跌倒,无名之辈却登上了王位(5–6节)。译本中的小标题揭示了本章的逻辑:表象具有迷惑性,必须深思熟虑。'表象的欺骗性'与'深思与谨慎'(1–10节)这两个段落标题构建了第一部分,将可观察的地位与真正的价值区分开来。
中间部分(10–28节)论及人的努力之不可预知性。勤劳之人可能仍处匮乏,而迟缓软弱之人却出人意料地被高举(11–13节)。善恶、贫富皆出于主(14节)。富人或可夸口安闲,却在死亡之时将一切留与他人(18–19节)。本章劝导人持守圣约中的忠心(20节),警告人不要嫉妒罪人(21节),禁止人自以为明日的兴盛或安全有所把握(23–24节),并总结指出:一个人的作为只有在生命终结时才得以显露(27–28节)。
最后一部分(29–34节)转向提防狡猾之徒。陌生人可能扰乱一家;骄傲之人如诱鸟入网般窥伺他人的弱点;罪人潜伏以待流血。本章的结尾与开篇遥相呼应:隐藏的动机与隐秘的结局要求人保持警醒,而非信赖可见的征兆。
背景
所提供的《西拉书》11章资料包括部分经文(1–14、17–34节)的英文文本,并附有背景说明,表明此章属于'从P0/P1之外回填的《西拉书》其余章节',说明该章已被纳入数据库。所提供的内容中,除所列经文外并无完整章节文本,也没有交叉参考文献和原文词汇。章节注释说明,此部分是为P0/P1优先层级之外的章节所做的回填。
译本中包含段落标题('表象的欺骗性'、'深思与谨慎'、'择友之谨慎'),这些均为所提供文本本身所呈现的内容。由于未提供交叉参考文献和原文词汇,本页不对希伯来文或希腊文术语作任何论断,也未引用其他圣经经文。
常见问题
《西拉书》11章为何将勤劳仍处匮乏者与软弱却得高举者作对比?
这一对比(11–13节)旨在教导人的勤奋并不能保证结果。一个人或许'奋力前行'却仍处于匮乏,而另一个'迟缓且需帮助'之人却被意外提升。本章将原因不归于人的努力,而归于主——祂'为他的好处而眷顾他',将他从卑微中提拔出来。结合第14节('善与恶、生与死、贫与富,都出于主')来读,其要点在于神学性的:结果操于神手,而非单凭人的奋斗。
《西拉书》11章中'不要忙于众多事务'是什么意思?
《西拉书》11:10警告人不可将精力分散于众多事务:'你若多事,必不免受罚;你若追求,必追不上;你若逃跑,必不能逃脱。'本章将这一劝勉置于更广阔的脉络中:劳苦与奋力向前(11节)并不能确保兴盛,因为唯有神赐予财富与贫穷(14节)。其劝勉在于持守与神的圣约委身并勤于本分(20节),而非追逐众多事务。所提供的资料并未指明具体所指的'事务'为何;此警告是以笼统方式就过度操劳而立论。
《西拉书》11章为何说'人在未死之前,不可称他为有福'?
第28节所言('人在未死之前,不可称他为有福;人必因他的儿女而被认识')贯穿全章。因为兴盛与患难可在一小时之内逆转(25、27节),因为自夸安闲的富人并不知道他何时会死(18–19节),也因为人的作为只有在生命结束时才得以显露(27节),故最终的评定属于神,在人死之时方才作出。关于儿女的说法反映了该经文的语境:持久的声名与结局乃在身后得以定夺,既通过子孙后代,也通过人一生最终被显明的事。
