《西拉书》11章——表象、勤奋与神的主权

这是一卷智慧文集,警示人不可凭外表判断,敦促人深思熟虑,告诫人的努力无法保证结果,并肯定神对兴盛与患难拥有至高主权。

德训篇

第11章

  1. 1.外表的欺骗 谦逊的人的智慧必抬起他的头,并使他与贵人同坐The Deceptiveness of Appearances The wisdom of a humble man will lift up his head, and will seat him among the great.
  2. 2.不要因为一个人的外貌而称赞他,也不要因为一个人的长相而憎恶他。Do not praise a man for his good looks, nor loathe a man because of his appearance.
  3. 3.蜜蜂在飞行的生物中是最小的,但它的产品是最好的甜物。The bee is small among flying creatures, but her product is the best of sweet things.
  4. 4.不要因穿着华丽的衣服而自夸,也不要在你受到尊敬的日子里自高自大,因为主的作为是奇妙的,祂的作为往往隐藏于人。Do not boast about wearing fine clothes, nor exalt yourself in the day that you are honored; for the works of the Lord are wonderful, and his works are concealed from men.
  5. 5.许多君王都曾经沦落到坐在地上,而一个从未被人想到的人却戴上了王冠。Many kings have had to sit on the ground, but one who was never thought of has worn a crown.
  6. 6.许多君王都大大地蒙羞,尊贵的人也落在别人手里。Many rulers have been greatly disgraced, and illustrious men have been handed over to others.
  7. 7.审慎与谨慎 在调查之前不要指责错误,先考虑然后批评Deliberation and Caution Do not find fault before you investigate; first consider, and then reprove.
  8. 8.不要在听完之前回答,也不要在说话的人说话时插嘴。Do not answer before you have heard, nor interrupt a speaker in the midst of his words.
  9. 9.不要为与你无关的事争论,也不要与作恶的人同坐,听他们审判案件。Do not argue about a matter which does not concern you, nor sit with sinners when they judge a case.
  10. 10.我的儿子,不要忙于许多事情;如果你增加活动,你不会不受惩罚,如果你追求,你不会追上,而且通过逃跑,你不会逃脱。My son, do not busy yourself with many matters; if you multiply activities you will not go unpunished, and if you pursue you will not overtake, and by fleeing you will not escape.
  11. 11.有一个人辛劳劳碌、孜孜不倦地工作,却越发贫穷。There is a man who works, and toils, and presses on, but is so much the more in want.
  12. 12.还有一个人行动迟缓,需要帮助,力量不够,贫穷很多,但耶和华的眼目看顾他为他的好,他从低处将他抬起There is another who is slow and needs help, who lacks strength and abounds in poverty; but the eyes of the Lord look upon him for his good; he lifts him out of his low estate
  13. 13.他抬起头来,以致许多人惊奇他。and raises up his head, so that many are amazed at him.
  14. 14.善事与恶事,生与死,贫穷与富足,都出于主。Good things and bad, life and death, poverty and wealth, come from the Lord.
  15. 17.主的恩赐使敬虔的人永远得福,他所喜悦的必得亨通The gift of the Lord endures for those who are godly, and what he approves will have lasting success.
  16. 18.有一个人因勤劳和自我节制而富有,这是分配给他的报酬:There is a man who is rich through his diligence and self-denial, and this is the reward allotted to him:
  17. 19.当他说“我的心灵得到了安息,现在我要享受我的财产”时,他不知道还要过多少时间才会把财产留给别人然后死去。when he says, “I have found rest, and now I shall enjoy my goods!” he does not know how much time will pass until he leaves them to others and dies.
  18. 20.坚守你的约,遵守它,并在你的工作中渐渐老去。Stand by your covenant and attend to it, and grow old in your work.
  19. 21.不要对恶人的行为感到惊奇,只要信靠主并且继续劳碌,因为在主眼中,很容易迅速而突然地使穷人富裕起来。Do not wonder at the works of a sinner, but trust in the Lord and keep at your toil; for it is easy in the sight of the Lord to enrich a poor man quickly and suddenly.
  20. 22.主的福气是义人的赏赐,神迅速使他的福气繁荣。The blessing of the Lord is the reward of the godly, and quickly God causes his blessing to flourish.
  21. 23.不要说:“我需要什么,未来会给我带来什么繁荣?”Do not say, “What do I need, and what prosperity could be mine in the future?”
  22. 24.不要说“我的已经足够了,将来还会有什么灾祸临到我呢”Do not say, “I have enough, and what calamity could happen to me in the future?”
  23. 25.在繁荣的日子里,逆境被遗忘,在逆境的日子里,繁荣不被记住。In the day of prosperity, adversity is forgotten, and in the day of adversity, prosperity is not remembered.
  24. 26.因为在主看来,按照一个人的行为,在他死的那天报应他是容易的。For it is easy in the sight of the Lord to reward a man on the day of death according to his conduct.
  25. 27.一时的痛苦使人忘却奢华,而当一个人生命的终结时,他所做的一切都会被揭示出来。The misery of an hour makes one forget luxury, and at the close of a man’s life his deeds will be revealed.
  26. 28.在一个人死之前,不要说他是幸福的;一个人的好坏往往要看他的后代。Call no one happy before his death; a man will be known through his children.
  27. 29.选择朋友要谨慎,不要把每个人都带到你家里,因为狡猾的人有很多诡计。Care in Choosing Friends Do not bring every man into your home, for many are the wiles of the crafty.
  28. 30.像笼中的诱鸟一样,骄傲的人的心也是如此,他像一个密探一样观察你的弱点;Like a decoy partridge in a cage, so is the mind of a proud man, and like a spy he observes your weakness;
  29. 31.因为他潜伏在暗中,将善事变为恶事,并对值得称赞的行为加以指责。for he lies in wait, turning good into evil, and to worthy actions he will attach blame.
  30. 32.一星火可以燒成很多燒紅的炭,罪人藏伏著要流人血。From a spark of fire come many burning coals, and a sinner lies in wait to shed blood.
  31. 33.要提防恶人,因为他谋划恶事,免得他给你留下永久的污点。Beware of a scoundrel, for he devises evil, lest he give you a lasting blemish.
  32. 34.接待一个陌生人到你的家里,他会用喧闹扰乱你,并会使你与你的家人疏远。Receive a stranger into your home and he will upset you with commotion, and will estrange you from your family.

这段经文的意思

《西拉书》11章开篇即打破表面的判断。谦卑者可能坐在尊贵人中间(1节),外貌并不能提供可靠的信息(2节),微小的蜜蜂却能酿出最甘美的蜜(3节)。君王曾跌倒,无名之辈却登上了王位(5–6节)。译本中的小标题揭示了本章的逻辑:表象具有迷惑性,必须深思熟虑。'表象的欺骗性'与'深思与谨慎'(1–10节)这两个段落标题构建了第一部分,将可观察的地位与真正的价值区分开来。

中间部分(10–28节)论及人的努力之不可预知性。勤劳之人可能仍处匮乏,而迟缓软弱之人却出人意料地被高举(11–13节)。善恶、贫富皆出于主(14节)。富人或可夸口安闲,却在死亡之时将一切留与他人(18–19节)。本章劝导人持守圣约中的忠心(20节),警告人不要嫉妒罪人(21节),禁止人自以为明日的兴盛或安全有所把握(23–24节),并总结指出:一个人的作为只有在生命终结时才得以显露(27–28节)。

最后一部分(29–34节)转向提防狡猾之徒。陌生人可能扰乱一家;骄傲之人如诱鸟入网般窥伺他人的弱点;罪人潜伏以待流血。本章的结尾与开篇遥相呼应:隐藏的动机与隐秘的结局要求人保持警醒,而非信赖可见的征兆。

背景

所提供的《西拉书》11章资料包括部分经文(1–14、17–34节)的英文文本,并附有背景说明,表明此章属于'从P0/P1之外回填的《西拉书》其余章节',说明该章已被纳入数据库。所提供的内容中,除所列经文外并无完整章节文本,也没有交叉参考文献和原文词汇。章节注释说明,此部分是为P0/P1优先层级之外的章节所做的回填。

译本中包含段落标题('表象的欺骗性'、'深思与谨慎'、'择友之谨慎'),这些均为所提供文本本身所呈现的内容。由于未提供交叉参考文献和原文词汇,本页不对希伯来文或希腊文术语作任何论断,也未引用其他圣经经文。

常见问题

《西拉书》11章为何将勤劳仍处匮乏者与软弱却得高举者作对比?

这一对比(11–13节)旨在教导人的勤奋并不能保证结果。一个人或许'奋力前行'却仍处于匮乏,而另一个'迟缓且需帮助'之人却被意外提升。本章将原因不归于人的努力,而归于主——祂'为他的好处而眷顾他',将他从卑微中提拔出来。结合第14节('善与恶、生与死、贫与富,都出于主')来读,其要点在于神学性的:结果操于神手,而非单凭人的奋斗。

《西拉书》11章中'不要忙于众多事务'是什么意思?

《西拉书》11:10警告人不可将精力分散于众多事务:'你若多事,必不免受罚;你若追求,必追不上;你若逃跑,必不能逃脱。'本章将这一劝勉置于更广阔的脉络中:劳苦与奋力向前(11节)并不能确保兴盛,因为唯有神赐予财富与贫穷(14节)。其劝勉在于持守与神的圣约委身并勤于本分(20节),而非追逐众多事务。所提供的资料并未指明具体所指的'事务'为何;此警告是以笼统方式就过度操劳而立论。

《西拉书》11章为何说'人在未死之前,不可称他为有福'?

第28节所言('人在未死之前,不可称他为有福;人必因他的儿女而被认识')贯穿全章。因为兴盛与患难可在一小时之内逆转(25、27节),因为自夸安闲的富人并不知道他何时会死(18–19节),也因为人的作为只有在生命结束时才得以显露(27节),故最终的评定属于神,在人死之时方才作出。关于儿女的说法反映了该经文的语境:持久的声名与结局乃在身后得以定夺,既通过子孙后代,也通过人一生最终被显明的事。

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