圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
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为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
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开始读德训篇德训篇
第39章
- 1.文士的活动 另一方面,专心研究至高者律法的人,必寻求古人的智慧,并关注预言;The Activity of the Scribe On the other hand he who devotes himself to the study of the law of the Most High will seek out the wisdom of all the ancients, and will be concerned with prophecies;
- 2.他将保守名人的言语,并能领悟箴言的精妙。he will preserve the discourse of notable men and penetrate the subtleties of parables;
- 3.他将探究箴言中的隐意,并熟悉比喻的难解之处。he will seek out the hidden meanings of proverbs and be at home with the obscurities of parables.
- 4.他必在大人物中间事奉,在君王面前站立;他将走遍外邦之地,因为他要试验人间的善恶。He will serve among great men and appear before rulers; he will travel through the lands of foreign nations, for he tests the good and the evil among men.
- 5.他定心要早起寻求造他的主,在至高者面前恳求;他必开口祈祷,为自己的罪恳求。He will set his heart to rise early to seek the Lord who made him, and will make supplication before the Most High; he will open his mouth in prayer and make supplication for his sins.
- 6.若主愿意,他必被悟性的灵所充满;他必将智慧的话语倾吐而出,并在祷告中向主献上感谢。If the great Lord is willing, he will be filled with the spirit of understanding; he will pour forth words of wisdom and give thanks to the Lord in prayer.
- 7.他必正其谋略与知识,且默想其奥秘。He will direct his counsel and knowledge aright, and meditate on his secrets.
- 8.他必彰显他的教训,在主圣约的律法中得以荣耀。He will reveal instruction in his teaching, and will glory in the law of the Lord’s covenant.
- 9.许多人必称赞他的智慧,永不被遗忘;他的纪念必不消灭,他的名声必存留,直到千代。Many will praise his understanding, and it will never be blotted out; his memory will not disappear, and his name will live through all generations.
- 10.列邦要述说他的智慧,会众要传扬他的赞美。Nations will declare his wisdom, and the congregation will proclaim his praise;
- 11.若他长久活着,必留下胜过千人的名声;若他安然归息,于他也已足矣。if he lives long, he will leave a name greater than a thousand, and if he goes to rest, it is enough for him.
- 12.我还有许多话要说,都是我所思想的;我便得了饱足,如同月圆时的满月。A Hymn of Praise to God I have yet more to say, which I have thought upon, and I am filled, like the moon at the full.
- 13.听从我吧,你们圣洁的儿女,要像溪水边的玫瑰一样发芽生长;Listen to me, O you holy sons, and bud like a rose growing by a stream of water;
- 14.散发香气如乳香,绽放花朵如百合。散播芬芳,歌咏赞美的诗歌,因主一切作为称颂主。send forth fragrance like frankincense, and put forth blossoms like a lily. Scatter the fragrance, and sing a hymn of praise; bless the Lord for all his works;
- 15.将威严归与他的名,要以赞美感谢他,口中唱诗,手弹琴瑟,你们当如此称谢说:ascribe majesty to his name and give thanks to him with praise, with songs on your lips, and with lyres; and this you shall say in thanksgiving:
- 16.万物都是主的作为,因它们甚好;凡他所吩咐的,必在他的时候成就。“All things are the works of the Lord, for they are very good, and whatever he commands will be done in his time.”
- 17.没有人会说“这是什么?”“为什么这样?”因为在神的时候,万事都将被寻问。凭他的命令,水便堆聚如垒,水库中的水也因他口中的话而立。No one can say, “What is this?” “Why is that?” for in God’s time all things will be sought after. At his word the waters stood in a heap, and the reservoirs of water at the word of his mouth.
- 18.他一声令下,凡他所喜悦的都成就,无人能限制他的拯救大能。At his command whatever pleases him is done, and none can limit his saving power.
- 19.一切血肉的行为都在他面前,没有任何事能瞒过他的眼目。The works of all flesh are before him, and nothing can be hid from his eyes.
- 20.从亘古到永远,他鉴察万有,在他没有可惊奇之事。From everlasting to everlasting he beholds them, and nothing is marvelous to him.
- 21.没有人会说“这是什么?”“为什么这样?”因为在神的时候,万事都将被寻问。凭他的命令,水便堆聚如垒,水库中的水也因他口中的话而立。No one can say, “What is this?” “Why is that?” for everything has been created for its use.
- 22.他的祝福覆盖旱地如河流,浸润大地如洪水。His blessing covers the dry land like a river, and drenches it like a flood.
- 23.列邦必招致他的震怒,正如他将甘泉变为咸水。The nations will incur his wrath, just as he turns fresh water into salt.
- 24.于圣洁之人,他的道路正直;于作恶之人,反成其阻碍。To the holy his ways are straight, just as they are obstacles to the wicked.
- 25.起初,善物为善人而造,恶物为罪人而设。From the beginning good things were created for good people, just as evil things for sinners.
- 26.人生一切所需的基本之物,就是水、火、铁、盐、麦面、奶、蜜、葡萄的血、油,以及衣服。Basic to all the needs of man’s life are water and fire and iron and salt and wheat flour and milk and honey, the blood of the grape, and oil and clothing.
- 27.这一切对敬虔的人而言都是有益的,正如它们对罪人就变成了祸患。All these are for good to the godly, just as they turn into evils for sinners.
- 28.有些风是为报应而受造的,它们在怒气中猛烈击打;在终局之时,它们将倾泻其力,使造物主的愤怒止息。There are winds that have been created for vengeance, and in their anger they scourge heavily; in the time of consummation they will pour out their strength and calm the anger of their Maker.
- 29.火、冰雹、饥荒、瘟疫,这一切都是为报复而造。Fire and hail and famine and pestilence, all these have been created for vengeance;
- 30.野兽的牙齿,蝎子和毒蛇,以及那以毁灭惩罚恶人的刀剑;the teeth of wild beasts, and scorpions and vipers, and the sword that punishes the ungodly with destruction;
- 31.他们必因他的诫命欢喜,在地上预备好从事他的工作,到时候他们必不违背他的话。they will rejoice in his commands, and be made ready on earth for their service, and when their times come they will not transgress his word.
- 32.因此,我从起初就深信,并且深思熟虑过,写下了这些话:Therefore from the beginning I have been convinced, and have thought this out and left it in writing:
- 33.主的作为尽都美好,他必按时供应一切所需。The works of the Lord are all good, and he will supply every need in its hour.
- 34.无人能说“这比那更坏”,因为万物终将在其时节显为美善。And no one can say, “This is worse than that,” for all things will prove good in their season.
- 35.所以现在要全心、全声歌颂赞美,称颂主的名。So now sing praise with all your heart and voice, and bless the name of the Lord.
