圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
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为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
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开始读德训篇德训篇
第48章
- 1.以利亚于是先知以利亚起来,如同火一样,他的话语像火炬一样燃烧。Elijah Then the prophet Eli′jah arose like a fire, and his word burned like a torch.
- 2.他降饥荒于他们,并且因他的热心使他们的数目减少。He brought a famine upon them, and by his zeal he made them few in number.
- 3.他凭着耶和华的言语封锁了天空,又三次降下火来。By the word of the Lord he shut up the heavens, and also three times brought down fire.
- 4.你以奇妙的作为,何其荣耀, 以利亚! 谁能像你一样自夸?How glorious you were, O Eli′jah, in your wondrous deeds! And who has the right to boast which you have?
- 5.你曾用至高者的言语,从死里、从阴间使一个尸体复活;You who raised a corpse from death and from Hades, by the word of the Most High;
- 6.使君王遭毁灭, 将有名的人从床上拉下;who brought kings down to destruction, and famous men from their beds;
- 7.在西奈山听见斥责,在何烈山听见报应的判决;who heard rebuke at Sinai and judgments of vengeance at Horeb;
- 8.他膏立王来施行报应,又膏立先知来继承你。who anointed kings to inflict retribution, and prophets to succeed you.
- 9.你被火旋风提起来,坐着火马的战车;You who were taken up by a whirlwind of fire, in a chariot with horses of fire;
- 10.你们这些在预定的时刻已做好准备的人,经上写着,要在上帝的愤怒爆发之前平息他的愤怒,要使父亲的心转向儿子,并使雅各的支派复兴。you who are ready at the appointed time, it is written, to calm the wrath of God before it breaks out in fury, to turn the heart of the father to the son, and to restore the tribes of Jacob.
- 11.看见你的人是有福的,蒙爱装饰的人也是有福的;因为我们也必定会活着。Blessed are those who saw you, and those who have been adorned in love; for we also shall surely live.
- 12.以利亚被旋风卷去,以利沙就承受了他的灵,他一生中没有在任何君王面前颤抖,也没有有人使他臣服。Elisha It was Eli′jah who was covered by the whirlwind, and Eli′sha was filled with his spirit; in all his days he did not tremble before any ruler, and no one brought him into subjection.
- 13.没有什么事情难倒他,即使死了,他的身体也还在预言。Nothing was too hard for him, and when he was dead his body prophesied.
- 14.他一生行了奇事,死后所行的更是奇妙。As in his life he did wonders, so in death his deeds were marvelous.
- 15.尽管如此,这些事并没有使百姓悔改,也没有使他们离弃自己的罪恶,直到他们被掳去离开自己的土地,散布在全地上;百姓所剩无几,但仍有大卫家的人作他们的官长。For all this the people did not repent, and they did not forsake their sins, till they were carried away captive from their land and were scattered over all the earth; the people were left very few in number, but with rulers from the house of David.
- 16.他们中有些人做了讨神喜悦的事,有些人却增加了罪恶。Some of them did what was pleasing to God, but others multiplied sins.
- 17.希西家加固了他的城市,并将水引入其中,他用铁穿透了坚硬的岩石,并修建了水池来储存水。Hezekiah Hezeki′ah fortified his city, and brought water into the midst of it; he tunneled the sheer rock with iron and built pools for water.
- 18.在他在位的时候,辛那基立上来,派拉伯沙基,他对锡安举手,狂妄自大,夸口说大话。In his days Sennach′erib came up, and sent the Rab′shakeh; he lifted up his hand against Zion and made great boasts in his arrogance.
- 19.他们的心都发抖,手也都颤动,他们像产难的妇人一样十分痛苦。Then their hearts were shaken and their hands trembled, and they were in anguish, like women in travail.
- 20.但他们呼求那有怜悯的主,向他伸出手;圣者从天上迅速听见他们,借以赛亚的手救了他们。But they called upon the Lord who is merciful, spreading forth their hands toward him; and the Holy One quickly heard them from heaven, and delivered them by the hand of Isaiah.
- 21.主击打亚述人的军营,他的使者灭绝他们。The Lord smote the camp of the Assyrians, and his angel wiped them out.
- 22.因为希西家行了耶和华眼中所看为正的事,又坚定地遵行他祖大卫的道,这是耶和华的先知以赛亚所吩咐的,以赛亚在他的异象中是伟大而忠信的。For Hezeki′ah did what was pleasing to the Lord, and he held strongly to the ways of David his father, which Isaiah the prophet commanded, who was great and faithful in his vision.
- 23.以赛亚在位期间,太阳倒退了,他也延长了王的寿命。Isaiah In his days the sun went backward, and he lengthened the life of the king.
- 24.他靠大能的灵,看见末后的事,又安慰那些在锡安悲哀的人。By the spirit of might he saw the last things, and comforted those who mourned in Zion.
- 25.他揭示了直到末了的所有事,也显明了还未发生的事。He revealed what was to occur to the end of time, and the hidden things before they came to pass.
