圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
选择章节
点击章节后,内容会在右侧「当前章节」标签页展开。返回本页可继续选择其他章节。
为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
想从头读一遍德训篇?打开阅读器,逐章对照中英文,遇到不懂的地方随时提问。
开始读德训篇德训篇
第51章
- 1.我要感谢你,主啊,王啊,也要称赞你,我的神,我的救主。我要感谢你的名,I will give thanks to thee, O Lord and King, and will praise thee as God my Savior. I give thanks to thy name,
- 2.因为你曾作我的保护者和帮助者,救我脱离了毁灭和诽谤之舌的网罗,和说谎之人的嘴唇。在旁观的人面前,你帮助了我,for thou hast been my protector and helper and hast delivered my body from destruction and from the snare of a slanderous tongue, from lips that utter lies. Before those who stood by thou wast my helper,
- 3.你以你的大慈悲和你的圣名搭救我脱离那些要吞噬我的牙齿的咬合,脱离那些寻求我生命的人的手,脱离我所遭受的许多患难,and didst deliver me, in the greatness of thy mercy and of thy name, from the gnashings of teeth about to devour me, from the hand of those who sought my life, from the many afflictions that I endured,
- 4.从四面八方的烈火中和从我未曾点燃的烈火之中from choking fire on every side and from the midst of fire which I did not kindle,
- 5.从阴间的深处,从不洁的舌头和谎言的话语中—from the depths of the belly of Hades, from an unclean tongue and lying words—
- 6.不义之人的舌头的毁谤达到王前,我的灵魂临近死亡,我的生命极其接近阴间。the slander of an unrighteous tongue to the king. My soul drew near to death, and my life was very near to Hades beneath.
- 7.他们从四面围困我,没有人帮助我,我寻求人的帮助,却没有一个人。They surrounded me on every side, and there was no one to help me; I looked for the assistance of men, and there was none.
- 8.后来我记得了你,主啊,你的慈悲和你从古时所行的工作,你拯救那些等待你的人,并救他们脱离敌人的手。Then I remembered thy mercy, O Lord, and thy work from of old, that thou dost deliver those who wait for thee and dost save them from the hand of their enemies.
- 9.我从地上举声祷告,求救免于死亡。And I sent up my supplication from the earth, and prayed for deliverance from death.
- 10.我求告主,我主的父,不要在困苦的日子里离弃我,就是在骄傲人得无人抵挡的时候。I appealed to the Lord, the Father of my lord, not to forsake me in the days of affliction, at the time when there is no help against the proud.
- 11.我要不断地称赞你的名,并要歌唱赞美,以感谢为祭。我的祷告得蒙垂听,I will praise thy name continually, and will sing praise with thanksgiving. My prayer was heard,
- 12.因为你救我脱离了毁灭,搭救我脱离了邪恶的困境。因此,我要感谢你,称赞你,并且要称颂主的名。for thou didst save me from destruction and rescue me from an evil plight. Therefore I will give thanks to thee and praise thee, and I will bless the name of the Lord.
- 13.智慧自传诗 在我年轻的时候,还没开始我的旅行之前,我公开地在我的祷告中寻求智慧。Autobiographical Poem on Wisdom While I was still young, before I went on my travels, I sought wisdom openly in my prayer.
- 14.在圣殿之前我曾求问她,并且我要到最后寻找她。Before the temple I asked for her, and I will search for her to the last.
- 15.从花开到葡萄成熟我的心都在她身上欢喜,我的脚步踏上了正直的道路;从我年轻时起我就跟随她的脚步。From blossom to ripening grape my heart delighted in her; my foot entered upon the straight path; from my youth I followed her steps.
- 16.我稍微偏着耳朵就接受了她,结果我为自己得到了很多教诲。I inclined my ear a little and received her, and I found for myself much instruction.
- 17.我在这方面有所进步;我要把荣耀归给赐予智慧的主。I made progress therein; to him who gives wisdom I will give glory.
- 18.因为我已决心按照智慧生活,并且热心于善行;我永不蒙羞。For I resolved to live according to wisdom, and I was zealous for the good; and I shall never be put to shame.
- 19.我的灵魂与智慧搏斗,在我的行为中我很严格;我向天伸出手,哀叹自己不知道她。My soul grappled with wisdom, and in my conduct I was strict; I spread out my hands to the heavens, and lamented my ignorance of her.
- 20.我将我的灵魂导向她,通过净化我找到了她。我从一开始就与她产生了理解,所以我不会被抛弃。I directed my soul to her, and through purification I found her. I gained understanding with her from the first, therefore I will not be forsaken.
- 21.我的心激励我去寻求她,因此我得了一份美好的产业。My heart was stirred to seek her, therefore I have gained a good possession.
- 22.主赐给我舌头作为我的奖赏,我要用它称赞他。The Lord gave me a tongue as my reward, and I will praise him with it.
- 23.靠近我,你这些没有受过教导的人,住在我的学堂里。Draw near to me, you who are untaught, and lodge in my school.
- 24.你们为什么说自己缺乏这些东西,为什么你们的灵魂非常渴望?Why do you say you are lacking in these things, and why are your souls very thirsty?
- 25.我张开口说,你们可以白白得着,不用花钱。I opened my mouth and said, Get these things for yourselves without money.
- 26.把你的颈项放在轭下,接受教诲,你会发现它就在附近。Put your neck under the yoke, and let your souls receive instruction; it is to be found close by.
- 27.用你的眼睛看见,我劳碌得很少,却为自己得了许多安息。See with your eyes that I have labored little and found for myself much rest.
- 28.用大量的银子来获取教诲,你就会因此获得许多黄金。Get instruction with a large sum of silver, and you will gain by it much gold.
- 29.愿你的灵魂因他的慈悲而欢喜,并且在你赞美他的时候不至于羞愧。May your soul rejoice in his mercy, and may you not be put to shame when you praise him.
- 30.在规定的时间之前完成你的工作,在神的时间里他会给你你的报酬。Do your work before the appointed time, and in God’s time he will give you your reward.
