圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
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为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
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开始读德训篇德训篇
第47章
- 1.那坦 在他之后,那坦在大卫的时候起来说预言。Nathan And after him Nathan rose up to prophesy in the days of David.
- 2.大卫像从平安祭中选取脂肪一样,从以色列的众子中被选取。David As the fat is selected from the peace offering, so David was selected from the sons of Israel.
- 3.他像戏弄小山羊一样戏弄狮子,像戏弄羊群中的羔羊一样戏弄熊。He played with lions as with young goats, and with bears as with lambs of the flock.
- 4.他年轻时,不是杀死了巨人,解除了百姓的耻辱吗,当他手里拿着石头和投石索,打击了歌利亚的狂妄吗In his youth did he not kill a giant, and take away reproach from the people, when he lifted his hand with a stone in the sling and struck down the boasting of Goliath?
- 5.因为他曾呼求至高的主,主就加强了他右手的力量,使他能杀死在战场上强大的勇士,抬高了他百姓的权能。For he appealed to the Lord, the Most High, and he gave him strength in his right hand to slay a man mighty in war, to exalt the power of his people.
- 6.他们因他有数万军队而荣耀他,又因上帝所赐的福而称赞他,当光荣的冠冕加在他头上时。So they glorified him for his ten thousands, and praised him for the blessings of the Lord, when the glorious diadem was bestowed upon him.
- 7.因为他从四面八方消灭了他的敌人,消灭了他的敌人非利士人,他至今仍压制着他们的势力。For he wiped out his enemies on every side, and annihilated his adversaries the Philistines; he crushed their power even to this day.
- 8.他所做的一切都归荣耀给至圣的、至高的上帝,他全心歌唱赞美,并且爱他的造物主。In all that he did he gave thanks to the Holy One, the Most High, with ascriptions of glory; he sang praise with all his heart, and he loved his Maker.
- 9.他在祭坛前安排歌唱的人,用他们的声音发出美好的旋律。He placed singers before the altar, to make sweet melody with their voices.
- 10.他为节期增添美好,并在一年四季安排他们的日期,当他们赞美神的圣名时,圣所从清晨就充满了声响。He gave beauty to the feasts, and arranged their times throughout the year, while they praised God’s holy name, and the sanctuary resounded from early morning.
- 11.主除掉他的罪孽,并且永远高举他的大能,他将君王的约和以色列荣耀的宝座赐给他。The Lord took away his sins, and exalted his power for ever; he gave him the covenant of kings and a throne of glory in Israel.
- 12.所罗门之后起来一个智慧的儿子,因为他而广得财富;Solomon After him rose up a wise son who fared amply because of him;
- 13.所罗门在平安的日子里作王,神使他四面得以安息,使他能够为自己的名建造殿宇,并为圣所永远站立做准备。Solomon reigned in days of peace, and God gave him rest on every side, that he might build a house for his name and prepare a sanctuary to stand for ever.
- 14.你在青年时就变得多么聪明啊,你的悟性像河水一样泛滥。How wise you became in your youth! You overflowed like a river with understanding.
- 15.你的灵覆盖了大地,你用比喻和谜语充满了大地。Your soul covered the earth, and you filled it with parables and riddles.
- 16.你的名字传到远方的岛屿,你因你的平安而被爱。Your name reached to far-off islands, and you were loved for your peace.
- 17.因为你的歌曲、谚语、比喻和解释,各国都对你感到惊奇。For your songs and proverbs and parables, and for your interpretations, the countries marveled at you.
- 18.奉主上帝的名,祂被称为以色列的神,你们积聚金子如同锡,积累银子如同铅。In the name of the Lord God, who is called the God of Israel, you gathered gold like tin and amassed silver like lead.
- 19.你却将你的腰放在女人旁边,通过你的身体,你被置于管辖之下。But you laid your loins beside women, and through your body you were brought into subjection.
- 20.你们玷污了自己的荣誉,亵渎了自己的后代,于是你们给自己的子孙带来了愤怒,使他们因你们的愚蠢而感到悲伤,You put a stain upon your honor, and defiled your posterity, so that you brought wrath upon your children and they were grieved at your folly,
- 21.于是主权被分裂,一个不服从的王国从以法莲中兴起。so that the sovereignty was divided and a disobedient kingdom arose out of E′phraim.
- 22.但主永不废弃他的慈爱,也不丢弃他所作的工;他永不灭绝他所拣选的人的后裔,也不剪除他所爱的人的根源;因此他给了雅各一个余民,给大卫一个根源,作为他的后代。But the Lord will never give up his mercy, nor cause any of his works to perish; he will never blot out the descendants of his chosen one, nor destroy the posterity of him who loved him; so he gave a remnant to Jacob, and to David a root of his stock.
- 23.罗波安和耶罗波安所罗门与他列祖同睡,留下一个儿子,愚妄无知,名叫罗波安,他使百姓背叛。还有尼八的儿子耶罗波安,使以色列人犯罪,给以法莲开了邪恶的道路。Rehoboam and Jeroboam Solomon rested with his fathers, and left behind him one of his sons, ample in folly and lacking in understanding, Rehobo′am, whose policy caused the people to revolt. Also Jerobo′am the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin and gave to E′phraim a sinful way.
- 24.他们的罪孽极其众多,以至于将他们从自己的土地上驱逐出去。Their sins became exceedingly many, so as to remove them from their land.
- 25.因为他们寻求各样的邪恶,直到报应临到他们身上。For they sought out every sort of wickedness, till vengeance came upon them.
