《便西拉智训》16章 —— 神圣的审判与受造秩序

《便西拉智训》16章 警戒人不可信赖不敬虔的后裔,回顾了神对罪人过往的审判,并斥责了那种以为神漠不关心的想法——随后又赞颂了那隐秘却可靠的受造秩序。

德训篇

第16章

  1. 1.上帝惩罚罪人 不要贪恋多子多孙,也不要因有不虔诚的儿子而欢喜God’s Punishment of Sinners Do not desire a multitude of useless children, nor rejoice in ungodly sons.
  2. 2.他们即使繁多,也不可以因他们而欢喜,除非他们中有耶和华的恐惧。If they multiply, do not rejoice in them, unless the fear of the Lord is in them.
  3. 3.不要因为他们的生存而感到安全,也不要因为他们的人数众多而依靠他们,因为一个人胜过一千人,宁可无子而死,也不愿有不虔诚的孩子。Do not trust in their survival, and do not rely on their multitude; for one is better than a thousand, and to die childless is better than to have ungodly children.
  4. 4.一个明白事理的人使城邑居民满满,一个恶族使城邑荒芜。For through one man of understanding a city will be filled with people, but through a tribe of lawless men it will be made desolate.
  5. 5.我眼见过许多这样的事,我的耳听见过比这些更奇妙的事。Many such things my eye has seen, and my ear has heard things more striking than these.
  6. 6.在罪人聚集的地方,必将点燃火焰,在违背命令的国家,必将燃起愤怒。In an assembly of sinners a fire will be kindled, and in a disobedient nation wrath was kindled.
  7. 7.他不为古代的巨人所平息,他们曾在自己的力量中叛乱。He was not propitiated for the ancient giants who revolted in their might.
  8. 8.他不容忍罗得的邻居,因为他们的狂妄而使他憎恶他们。He did not spare the neighbors of Lot, whom he loathed on account of their insolence.
  9. 9.他不怜恤一个已经注定灭亡的国家,也不怜恤那些因罪受灭亡的人;He showed no pity for a nation devoted to destruction, for those destroyed in their sins;
  10. 10.也不为那六十万步行的男子,他们在顽固中叛逆地聚集。nor for the six hundred thousand men on foot, who rebelliously assembled in their stubbornness.
  11. 11.即使只有一个顽梗不化的人,也会令人惊奇的是他能免受惩罚。因为慈爱和愤怒都在主那里,祂有能力赦免,也能倾倒愤怒。Even if there is only one stiff-necked person, it will be a wonder if he remains unpunished. For mercy and wrath are with the Lord; he is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath.
  12. 12.他的怜悯有多大,他的责备也有多大;他按着各人的行为判定人。As great as his mercy, so great is also his reproof; he judges a man according to his deeds.
  13. 13.罪人不会带着掠夺物逃脱,义人的忍耐不会徒劳。The sinner will not escape with his plunder, and the patience of the godly will not be frustrated.
  14. 14.他必为每一件慈善事业开通道路;每一个人都要根据自己的行为接受报应。He will make room for every act of mercy; every one will receive in accordance with his deeds.
  15. 17.不要说,我要向耶和华隐藏,谁从上界会记得我呢,在这么多人中,我不会被认识的,因为我的灵魂在无边的创造中算什么呢Do not say, “I shall be hidden from the Lord, and who from on high will remember me? Among so many people I shall not be known, for what is my soul in the boundless creation?
  16. 18.看哪,天和天上最高的天,深渊和大地,都要在他来访的时候震动。Behold, heaven and the highest heaven, the abyss and the earth, will tremble at his visitation.
  17. 19.大山也要震动,地的根基也要抖动,当他顾视它们的时候。The mountains also and the foundations of the earth shake with trembling when he looks upon them.
  18. 20.没有人会思考这件事,谁会沉思他的行为?And no mind will reflect on this. Who will ponder his ways?
  19. 21.像一场无人能见的暴风雨一样,他的大部分作为都是隐藏的。Like a tempest which no man can see, so most of his works are concealed.
  20. 22.谁会宣扬他的公义?谁会等待它们?因为盟约似乎还很遥远。Who will announce his acts of justice? Or who will await them? For the covenant is far off.”
  21. 23.这就是愚昧人所想的,毫无智慧的人妄想胡说。This is what one devoid of understanding thinks; a senseless and misguided man thinks foolishly.
  22. 24.上帝的智慧显现在创造中 听我言,我的儿子,并要得智慧,侧耳听从我的言语God’s Wisdom Seen in Creation Listen to me, my son, and acquire knowledge, and pay close attention to my words.
  23. 25.我要用公平的言语教导人,并用正直的知识。I will impart instruction by weight, and declare knowledge accurately.
  24. 26.主的作为从起初就存在,是他创造的,当他造物的时候,就定了他们的分寸。The works of the Lord have existed from the beginning by his creation, and when he made them, he determined their divisions.
  25. 27.他按照永恒的秩序安排了他们的工作,并使他们的统治延续到所有世代;他们不饥饿也不疲劳,并且他们不会停止劳作。He arranged his works in an eternal order, and their dominion for all generations; they neither hunger nor grow weary, and they do not cease from their labors.
  26. 28.他们不相互拥挤,也永远不会违背他的话。They do not crowd one another aside, and they will never disobey his word.
  27. 29.其后主观看顾大地,就用美物充满了大地;After this the Lord looked upon the earth, and filled it with his good things;
  28. 30.他用各种活物遮盖地面,而且万物都归于地。with all kinds of living beings he covered its surface, and to it they return.

这段经文的意思

本章开篇即警戒人多并非福分:许多不敬虔的儿女不值得欢喜,即便子孙满堂,若没有敬畏耶和华之心,也并不可靠。经文声称,一个心存智慧的人胜过一千人,因为德行能使城邑的人口倍增,这是单凭数量永远无法做到的。

5至14节继而构建了一份审判的目录。作者回想起远古的巨人、罗得周边的邻族,以及那悖逆聚集的六十万人——这样的措辞与以色列人在旷野中的悖逆遥相呼应。其要旨并非历史叙事,而是神学论述:怜悯与愤怒在神身上并存,对敬虔之人的忍耐并不意味者罪人可以携其掠夺安然逃脱。

17至30节则转换语调。愚昧人以为圣约遥不可及、主的事工隐秘难察而不必在意,作者却反驳说,连诸天与深渊都因他的降临而战兢。末段将此应用于受造本身:神的作为自始至终按永恒秩序被安排,从不疲倦,也从不悖逆,大地便因此充满了他美好的事物。

两条主线因此并行于本章之中。前半部分坚持审判必临到刚硬不化的罪行,后半部分则坚持神隐秘的治理绝非松懈放任的理由。两者共同为读者铺垫第17章对神如何对待亚当后裔更为充分的论述。

背景

本章注释指出,此段落属于便西拉智训主要翻译优先范围之外各章的补译,未提供交叉引用或原文词条。在本章内部,论证是自成一体的:7至10节援引一连串被记念的审判——巨人、罗得的邻族以及一次大规模的悖逆聚集——作为作者所引用的圣经记忆,26至30节则直接诉诸可观察的受造之物秩序。

文本除了承袭前后文书中已有的信息外,并未说明作者、成书年代或背景,亦未引入所引用的交叉引用。其内在连贯性仅依赖于自身的两部分结构:先是基于过往审判的警戒,继而反驳愚昧人认为神之作为可被安然忽略的论调。

常见问题

《便西拉智训》16章 为何说一人胜于千人?

因为所权衡的价值是道德性的,而非数量上的。本章将不敬虔的后裔定性为负担而非祝福,并论证一个心存智慧之人能以一群无法无天之人所不能的方式使城邑繁衍兴旺。

本章所说的那次受审的聚集指的是什么?

7至10节列出了三起被记念的审判:远古的巨人、罗得的邻族,以及六十万悖逆聚集之人。其措辞与以色列人在旷野中的悖逆相呼应,尽管本章仅以它们作为刚硬之罪的例证,而非完整的历史叙事。

作者为何要反驳那种认为神过于遥远而不相干的念头?

因为按经文自身的表述,这一结论正是愚昧而失察之心所产生的结果。17至22节提醒读者,连诸天与深渊都因神的降临而战兢,以此作为回应;26至28节则借那永不悖逆他话语的永恒受造秩序进一步加以印证。

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