《西拉书》27 章——言语、罪行与后果
《西拉书》27 章借助生动的意象,教导言语与小抉择显露人的内在状态,并带来可预见的后果。
德训篇
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德训篇
第27章
- 1.有许多人为了一点小利就犯了罪,凡是想要发财的人都闭着眼睛。Many have committed sin for a trifle, and whoever seeks to get rich will avert his eyes.
- 2.就像桩子牢固地插入石头之间的裂缝一样,罪恶就这样卡在买卖之间。As a stake is driven firmly into a fissure between stones, so sin is wedged in between selling and buying.
- 3.如果一个人不坚定而热心地敬畏上帝,他的家就会很快被倾覆。If a man is not steadfast and zealous in the fear of the Lord, his house will be quickly overthrown.
- 4.生命中的试炼 当筛子被摇动时,渣滓仍留在里面;同样,人的污秽仍留在他的思想中。Tests in Life When a sieve is shaken, the refuse remains; so a man’s filth remains in his thoughts.
- 5.窑炉试验陶工的器皿,人的试验在于他的思维。The kiln tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a man is in his reasoning.
- 6.果实揭示了树的修养,一个人的思想表达同样揭示了他心灵的修养。The fruit discloses the cultivation of a tree; so the expression of a thought discloses the cultivation of a man’s mind.
- 7.不要在听他讲道理之前就夸赞某人,因为这是考验一个人的方法。Do not praise a man before you hear him reason, for this is the test of men.
- 8.报应 如果你追求公义,你就会达到它,并且穿上它作为荣耀的长袍Reward and Retribution If you pursue justice, you will attain it and wear it as a glorious robe.
- 9.鸟以群分,真理归于践行之人。Birds flock with their kind; so truth returns to those who practice it.
- 10.狮子潜伏等待猎物,罪恶也潜伏等待作恶的人。A lion lies in wait for prey; so does sin for the workers of iniquity.
- 11.义人的言语常有智慧,愚人的心却变换如月。Varieties of Speech The talk of the godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon.
- 12.在愚蠢的人中寻找离开的机会,但在深思熟虑的人中停留。Among stupid people watch for a chance to leave, but among thoughtful people stay on.
- 13.愚昧人的言语是悖谬的,他们的笑声是放荡的罪恶。The talk of fools is offensive, and their laughter is wantonly sinful.
- 14.那些常常说谎骂人的人的谈话使人毛骨悚然,他们的争论使人堵住耳朵。The talk of men given to swearing makes one’s hair stand on end, and their quarrels make a man stop his ears.
- 15.骄傲人的争竞导致流血,他们的辱骂令人痛听。The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed, and their abuse is grievous to hear.
- 16.泄露秘密的人会破坏信任,他永远也找不到一个真正的朋友。Betraying Secrets Whoever betrays secrets destroys confidence, and he will never find a congenial friend.
- 17.要爱你的朋友并且对他保持忠诚,但如果你泄露了他的秘密,就不要再去追求他。Love your friend and keep faith with him; but if you betray his secrets, do not run after him.
- 18.因为人要毁灭他的敌人,你却毁灭了你邻居的友谊。For as a man destroys his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor.
- 19.当你放开手让鸟飞去的时候,你也这样让你的邻居自由离去,不再抓住他。And as you allow a bird to escape from your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and will not catch him again.
- 20.不要追赶他,因为他已经走得很远,而且像羚羊从网中逃脱一样逃跑了。Do not go after him, for he is too far off, and has escaped like a gazelle from a snare.
- 21.伤口可以用绷带包扎,虐待后可以得到调解,但泄露秘密的人却是没有希望的。For a wound may be bandaged, and there is reconciliation after abuse, but whoever has betrayed secrets is without hope.
- 22.虚伪和报应 谁眨眼谋划恶事,没有人能阻止他。Hypocrisy and Retribution Whoever winks his eye plans evil deeds, and no one can keep him from them.
- 23.在你面前,他的口才是全部的甜蜜,他也赞赏你的言语,但后来他会扭曲他的言语,并用你的言语来冒犯你。In your presence his mouth is all sweetness, and he admires your words; but later he will twist his speech and with your own words he will give offense.
- 24.我曾经恨过很多事情,但没有一样能与他相比,即使是上帝也会憎恨他。I have hated many things, but none to be compared to him; even the Lord will hate him.
- 25.无论谁将石头直直地向上抛去,石头必落在他的头上;背叛的打击也会使人受伤。Whoever throws a stone straight up throws it on his own head; and a treacherous blow opens up wounds.
- 26.挖坑的人必会掉在坑里,设网的人必被网缠住。He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who sets a snare will be caught in it.
- 27.如果有人作恶,恶果必然会归于他,却不知道灾祸从哪里来。If a man does evil, it will roll back upon him, and he will not know where it came from.
- 28.傲慢的人口出讥笑和辱骂,但报应像狮子一般在等待着他。Mockery and abuse issue from the proud man, but vengeance lies in wait for him like a lion.
- 29.那些因义人跌倒而欢喜的人必被网罗缠住,痛苦必在他们死之前将他们吞噬。Those who rejoice in the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare, and pain will consume them before their death.
- 30.愤怒和报复的愤怒和忿怒,也都是可憎的,罪人将拥有它们。Anger and Vengeance Anger and wrath, these also are abominations, and the sinful man will possess them.
这段经文的意思
本章以警告开篇:看似微不足道的抉择会带来长远的后果。罪被比作楔入石缝中的木桩,难以松动拔除,尤其是在买卖往来的日常情境中(1–2 节)。若无对主的敬畏所生发的坚定不移,即便一个家庭也会倾覆(3 节)。要点在于:维系人生的,是道德上的稳固,而非财富或聪明。
随后是一连串考验的意象:筛子筛去渣滓,窑炉试验陶器,果实显明树木如何被栽培(4–6 节)。《西拉书》将这一切应用到人身上——人的思虑、谈吐与意念,都显明了内心的状况。其道理直接道出:在未听其言之前,不要称赞一人,因为言语是品格的考验(7 节)。接下来进一步阐发言语:敬虔者言语明智,愚昧人则反复无常如月亮(11 节);愚昧人的谈吐令人厌烦,他们的嬉笑是放纵的罪(13 节);惯于起誓者的话语招致厌恶(14 节)。
最后一部分论及背叛与伪善。泄露秘密者摧毁信任,再也无法重获真正的朋友(16–21 节);阿谀奉承者一边使眼色,一边图谋恶事,这样的人既被说话者所恨,也终被主所弃(22–24 节)。本章以一组报应性的箴言作结:设陷阱者反坠其中,恶行反归于作恶者,骄傲招致报复(25–30 节)。贯穿始终的主张是:言语和行为会以同样的方式回报说话者与作恶者。
背景
《西拉书》(又称《德训篇》)是一部智慧训诲之书,第 27 章位于其中部,属于道德劝勉的长篇章节。本章所列的小标题——《人生的考验》《言语的种种》《泄露秘密》《伪善与报应》《愤怒与报复》——显示出作者按主题编排箴言的方式。本章并不叙述事件,而是将谚语、比喻与短论依次串连,话题由此及彼。
编辑说明指出,本章系从原有优先材料之外的内容补充而来。该段落未提供交叉参考或原文词义研究,因此无法根据现有材料与具体的希伯来文或希腊文词汇建立更深层的联系。
常见问题
《西拉书》27 章的主题是什么?
本章统合了两个主题:言语与小抉择显露品格;恶行——尤其是背叛与欺骗——会反作用于作恶者。考验的意象与报应的箴言共同框定了这两层含义。
《西拉书》为何将罪比作楔入石缝中的木桩?
这一木桩的意象出现于买卖往来的语境中。它将罪描绘为:一旦进入寻常交易之中,便会紧紧嵌入、难以拔除——使日常小事也成为真实的道德考验。
《西拉书》27 章是否教导说,每一桩错行都在今生受罚?
本章反复申明,恶往往会反扑作恶者:设陷阱者反被陷,泄露秘密者失去朋友,骄傲招致败落。它将这些呈现为可靠的道德规律,而非对每一个具体个案的必然保证。
