《西拉书》26 章——贤妻与持家之道
这是一篇智慧的诗歌,将带来喜乐、平安与福分的贤妻,与带来忧愁、羞耻与毁灭的恶妻相互对照,结尾则对商贸与背道之事发出警告。
德训篇
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德训篇
第26章
- 1.好妻子的喜乐 有好妻子的丈夫是有福的,他的日子将加倍。The Joy of a Good Wife Happy is the husband of a good wife; the number of his days will be doubled.
- 2.一个贤惠的妻子使她的丈夫欢乐,他将在平安中度过他的年岁。A loyal wife rejoices her husband, and he will complete his years in peace.
- 3.一个好的妻子是一种伟大的祝福,她将在敬畏上帝的人所获得的祝福中被赐予。A good wife is a great blessing; she will be granted among the blessings of the man who fears the Lord.
- 4.无论富贵或贫穷,他的心都很欢喜,时时刻刻他的脸都很愉快。Whether rich or poor, his heart is glad, and at all times his face is cheerful.
- 5.最大的祸害:恶妻 我心所畏惧的有三样,现在又加上一样,我都害怕:城里的谤言,暴徒的聚集,和诬告——所有这些都比死还要可怕。The Worst of Evils: A Wicked Wife Of three things my heart is afraid, and of a fourth I am frightened: The slander of a city, the gathering of a mob, and false accusation—all these are worse than death.
- 6.妻子对情敌心怀嫉妒,心中充满悲伤和痛苦,舌头上的责骂让所有人都知道。There is grief of heart and sorrow when a wife is envious of a rival, and a tongue-lashing makes it known to all.
- 7.恶妻如同磨盘上的牛轭,抓住她就像抓住蝎子。An evil wife is an ox yoke which chafes; taking hold of her is like grasping a scorpion.
- 8.妻子醉酒,令人发怒,她也不会隐藏自己的羞耻。There is great anger when a wife is drunken; she will not hide her shame.
- 9.妻子的淫荡从她贪婪的眼神中显现,并且可以从她的眼睑上看出来。A wife’s harlotry shows in her lustful eyes, and she is known by her eyelids.
- 10.要严格监督任性的女儿,否则,当她获得自由时,她会用它来伤害自己。Keep strict watch over a headstrong daughter, lest, when she finds liberty, she use it to her hurt.
- 11.要提防她的厚颜无耻的眼神,不要惊讶如果她得罪了你。Be on guard against her impudent eye, and do not wonder if she sins against you.
- 12.就像口渴的旅客张开嘴巴,随便从附近的水中喝水一样,她也会坐在每个柱子前面,向箭张开她的箭囊。As a thirsty wayfarer opens his mouth and drinks from any water near him, so will she sit in front of every post and open her quiver to the arrow.
- 13.好妻子的福气 妻子的魅力使丈夫欢喜,她的技巧使他的骨头发肥。The Blessing of a Good Wife A wife’s charm delights her husband, and her skill puts fat on his bones.
- 14.默默的妻子是上帝的恩赐,没有什么比一个有节制的灵魂更宝贵。A silent wife is a gift of the Lord, and there is nothing so precious as a disciplined soul.
- 15.一个贤惠的妻子增加了魅力,任何衡量标准都无法衡量出一个贞洁的灵魂的价值。A modest wife adds charm to charm, and no balance can weigh the value of a chaste soul.
- 16.像主的高处升起的太阳一样,一位好妻子的美丽就在她井然有序的家中。Like the sun rising in the heights of the Lord, so is the beauty of a good wife in her well-ordered home.
- 17.就像圣灯台上的明灯一样,美丽的面容也装饰着高贵的身躯。Like the shining lamp on the holy lampstand, so is a beautiful face on a stately figure.
- 18.像金柱立在银座上,美丽的脚与坚定的心一样。Like pillars of gold on a base of silver, so are beautiful feet with a steadfast heart.
- 28.有三件事使我心中感到痛苦,还有一件事使我感到愤怒:贫穷中挣扎的勇士,聪明人被轻视;一个从义转向恶的人——上帝必将他交给刀剑!Three Depressing Things At two things my heart is grieved, and because of a third anger comes over me: a warrior in want through poverty, and intelligent men who are treated contemptuously; a man who turns back from righteousness to sin— the Lord will prepare him for the sword!
- 29.商业的诱惑 商人几乎不可能避免作恶,商贩也不会被宣告无罪。The Temptations of Commerce A merchant can hardly keep from wrongdoing, and a tradesman will not be declared innocent of sin.
这段经文的意思
《西拉书》26 章以智慧文学中典型的“称善责恶”对偶结构开篇:贤德的妻子使丈夫延年益寿,让他平安度完一生;邪恶的妻子则被比作磨伤皮肉的牛轭与蝎子。全章围绕妻子对丈夫内在生命(他心里喜乐)与社会生活(他时时面带欢愉)的具体影响展开,因而妻子的价值不是以财富或地位来衡量,而是以品格来衡量。
中段将贤妻的意象扩展为一连串家政化的比喻:她是犹如太阳照耀至高之处的主的光,是圣灯台上的明灯,是银座上的金柱。这些圣殿与受造界的意象表明,整齐有序的家庭被视为一座小小的圣所;妻子的贞洁、谦逊与自律的沉默不仅是私人的美德,更体现了一种神圣的秩序。
末段笔锋一转,列出令哲人忧心之事,包括沦为贫穷的勇士、遭人轻视的智者,以及偏离正义而走向罪恶之人,随后警告商人与工匠少有不犯过错的。将此与贤妻之描述合而并读,可见家庭、市场、在神面前的正直,都同属对自律品格的整体要求。
背景
本章位于《西拉书》中论及家庭行为的较长段落之中,与论女儿(10–12 节)和论沉默与自律的训诲在主题上彼此呼应。所附注释说明本章属于在西拉书 P0/P1 精选篇目之外的其余章节之补遗,因此本页面未提供相关的解经原文、原文语言资料及交叉引用。
所给英文文本包含 1–18 节及 28–29 节;19–27 节未包含在所提供的内容中。任何解释都应限定于实际给出的经文范围之内,不应引入文本本身之外的作者、成书年代或背景方面的论断。
常见问题
《西拉书》26 章为何对“恶妻”使用如此严厉的措辞?
形容贤妻的圣殿意象究竟用意何在?
本章为何以对商人和背道的警告作结?
