《西拉书》26 章——贤妻与持家之道

这是一篇智慧的诗歌,将带来喜乐、平安与福分的贤妻,与带来忧愁、羞耻与毁灭的恶妻相互对照,结尾则对商贸与背道之事发出警告。

德训篇

第26章

  1. 1.好妻子的喜乐 有好妻子的丈夫是有福的,他的日子将加倍。The Joy of a Good Wife Happy is the husband of a good wife; the number of his days will be doubled.
  2. 2.一个贤惠的妻子使她的丈夫欢乐,他将在平安中度过他的年岁。A loyal wife rejoices her husband, and he will complete his years in peace.
  3. 3.一个好的妻子是一种伟大的祝福,她将在敬畏上帝的人所获得的祝福中被赐予。A good wife is a great blessing; she will be granted among the blessings of the man who fears the Lord.
  4. 4.无论富贵或贫穷,他的心都很欢喜,时时刻刻他的脸都很愉快。Whether rich or poor, his heart is glad, and at all times his face is cheerful.
  5. 5.最大的祸害:恶妻 我心所畏惧的有三样,现在又加上一样,我都害怕:城里的谤言,暴徒的聚集,和诬告——所有这些都比死还要可怕。The Worst of Evils: A Wicked Wife Of three things my heart is afraid, and of a fourth I am frightened: The slander of a city, the gathering of a mob, and false accusation—all these are worse than death.
  6. 6.妻子对情敌心怀嫉妒,心中充满悲伤和痛苦,舌头上的责骂让所有人都知道。There is grief of heart and sorrow when a wife is envious of a rival, and a tongue-lashing makes it known to all.
  7. 7.恶妻如同磨盘上的牛轭,抓住她就像抓住蝎子。An evil wife is an ox yoke which chafes; taking hold of her is like grasping a scorpion.
  8. 8.妻子醉酒,令人发怒,她也不会隐藏自己的羞耻。There is great anger when a wife is drunken; she will not hide her shame.
  9. 9.妻子的淫荡从她贪婪的眼神中显现,并且可以从她的眼睑上看出来。A wife’s harlotry shows in her lustful eyes, and she is known by her eyelids.
  10. 10.要严格监督任性的女儿,否则,当她获得自由时,她会用它来伤害自己。Keep strict watch over a headstrong daughter, lest, when she finds liberty, she use it to her hurt.
  11. 11.要提防她的厚颜无耻的眼神,不要惊讶如果她得罪了你。Be on guard against her impudent eye, and do not wonder if she sins against you.
  12. 12.就像口渴的旅客张开嘴巴,随便从附近的水中喝水一样,她也会坐在每个柱子前面,向箭张开她的箭囊。As a thirsty wayfarer opens his mouth and drinks from any water near him, so will she sit in front of every post and open her quiver to the arrow.
  13. 13.好妻子的福气 妻子的魅力使丈夫欢喜,她的技巧使他的骨头发肥。The Blessing of a Good Wife A wife’s charm delights her husband, and her skill puts fat on his bones.
  14. 14.默默的妻子是上帝的恩赐,没有什么比一个有节制的灵魂更宝贵。A silent wife is a gift of the Lord, and there is nothing so precious as a disciplined soul.
  15. 15.一个贤惠的妻子增加了魅力,任何衡量标准都无法衡量出一个贞洁的灵魂的价值。A modest wife adds charm to charm, and no balance can weigh the value of a chaste soul.
  16. 16.像主的高处升起的太阳一样,一位好妻子的美丽就在她井然有序的家中。Like the sun rising in the heights of the Lord, so is the beauty of a good wife in her well-ordered home.
  17. 17.就像圣灯台上的明灯一样,美丽的面容也装饰着高贵的身躯。Like the shining lamp on the holy lampstand, so is a beautiful face on a stately figure.
  18. 18.像金柱立在银座上,美丽的脚与坚定的心一样。Like pillars of gold on a base of silver, so are beautiful feet with a steadfast heart.
  19. 28.有三件事使我心中感到痛苦,还有一件事使我感到愤怒:贫穷中挣扎的勇士,聪明人被轻视;一个从义转向恶的人——上帝必将他交给刀剑!Three Depressing Things At two things my heart is grieved, and because of a third anger comes over me: a warrior in want through poverty, and intelligent men who are treated contemptuously; a man who turns back from righteousness to sin— the Lord will prepare him for the sword!
  20. 29.商业的诱惑 商人几乎不可能避免作恶,商贩也不会被宣告无罪。The Temptations of Commerce A merchant can hardly keep from wrongdoing, and a tradesman will not be declared innocent of sin.

这段经文的意思

《西拉书》26 章以智慧文学中典型的“称善责恶”对偶结构开篇:贤德的妻子使丈夫延年益寿,让他平安度完一生;邪恶的妻子则被比作磨伤皮肉的牛轭与蝎子。全章围绕妻子对丈夫内在生命(他心里喜乐)与社会生活(他时时面带欢愉)的具体影响展开,因而妻子的价值不是以财富或地位来衡量,而是以品格来衡量。

中段将贤妻的意象扩展为一连串家政化的比喻:她是犹如太阳照耀至高之处的主的光,是圣灯台上的明灯,是银座上的金柱。这些圣殿与受造界的意象表明,整齐有序的家庭被视为一座小小的圣所;妻子的贞洁、谦逊与自律的沉默不仅是私人的美德,更体现了一种神圣的秩序。

末段笔锋一转,列出令哲人忧心之事,包括沦为贫穷的勇士、遭人轻视的智者,以及偏离正义而走向罪恶之人,随后警告商人与工匠少有不犯过错的。将此与贤妻之描述合而并读,可见家庭、市场、在神面前的正直,都同属对自律品格的整体要求。

背景

本章位于《西拉书》中论及家庭行为的较长段落之中,与论女儿(10–12 节)和论沉默与自律的训诲在主题上彼此呼应。所附注释说明本章属于在西拉书 P0/P1 精选篇目之外的其余章节之补遗,因此本页面未提供相关的解经原文、原文语言资料及交叉引用。

所给英文文本包含 1–18 节及 28–29 节;19–27 节未包含在所提供的内容中。任何解释都应限定于实际给出的经文范围之内,不应引入文本本身之外的作者、成书年代或背景方面的论断。

常见问题

《西拉书》26 章为何对“恶妻”使用如此严厉的措辞?

形容贤妻的圣殿意象究竟用意何在?

本章为何以对商人和背道的警告作结?

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