圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
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为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
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开始读德训篇德训篇
第50章
- 1.西门 欧尼亚斯的儿子 作他弟兄的领袖、被百姓所尊荣的,是大祭司西门,欧尼亚斯的儿子。他一生修葺了殿宇,在他的时代巩固了圣殿。Simon Son of Onias The leader of his brethren and the pride of his people was Simon the high priest, son of Onias, who in his life repaired the house, and in his time fortified the temple.
- 2.他为圣殿四周的高大双层墙和高大护墙奠立了根基。He laid the foundations for the high double walls, the high retaining walls for the temple enclosure.
- 3.在他当政的日子,凿了一个蓄水池,其周长如海一般的水库。In his days a cistern for water was quarried out, a reservoir like the sea in circumference.
- 4.他思量如何拯救他的百姓免于毁灭,并加固城池以抵御围攻。He considered how to save his people from ruin, and fortified the city to withstand a siege.
- 5.他出至圣所时,百姓环绕着他,何等荣耀!How glorious he was when the people gathered round him as he came out of the inner sanctuary!
- 6.如云间晨星,似月圆之时;Like the morning star among the clouds, like the moon when it is full;
- 7.如同阳光照耀至高者的殿宇,又如彩虹在荣耀的云端闪烁;like the sun shining upon the temple of the Most High, and like the rainbow gleaming in glorious clouds;
- 8.如初熟之时的玫瑰花,如水泉旁的百合花,又如夏日里黎巴嫩的青翠嫩枝;like roses in the days of the first fruits, like lilies by a spring of water, like a green shoot on Leb′anon on a summer day;
- 9.如同香炉中的火与香,又像打成的金器,装饰着各样宝贵的宝石;like fire and incense in the censer, like a vessel of hammered gold adorned with all kinds of precious stones;
- 10.好像一棵橄榄树,枝叶繁茂结果累累;又像一棵柏树,高耸入云。like an olive tree putting forth its fruit, and like a cypress towering in the clouds.
- 11.他披上荣耀的外袍,以完美的华服装饰自己,登上了圣洁的祭坛,使圣所的庭院充满了荣光。When he put on his glorious robe and clothed himself with superb perfection and went up to the holy altar, he made the court of the sanctuary glorious.
- 12.他站在祭坛的炉旁,从祭司手中接过祭物,周围有弟兄们环绕如冠冕,他如黎巴嫩的嫩香柏,他们环绕他如棕树的树干,And when he received the portions from the hands of the priests, as he stood by the hearth of the altar with a garland of brethren around him, he was like a young cedar on Leb′anon; and they surrounded him like the trunks of palm trees,
- 13.亚伦众子披着荣耀,手捧耶和华的供物,站在以色列全会众面前。all the sons of Aaron in their splendor with the Lord’s offering in their hands, before the whole congregation of Israel.
- 14.在祭坛上完成礼仪,向至高全能者献上供物Finishing the service at the altars, and arranging the offering to the Most High, the Almighty,
- 15.他伸手向杯,奠葡萄之血为祭,倒在祭坛脚下,蒙至高者——万有之王悦纳,馨香之气。he reached out his hand to the cup and poured a libation of the blood of the grape; he poured it out at the foot of the altar, a pleasing odor to the Most High, the King of all.
- 16.那时亚伦的子孙大声呼喊,他们吹响锤制的号角,发出巨大的响声,使至高者听见而记念。Then the sons of Aaron shouted, they sounded the trumpets of hammered work, they made a great noise to be heard for remembrance before the Most High.
- 17.那时众百姓都一同急忙俯伏在地,敬拜他们的主,全能的神,至高的神。Then all the people together made haste and fell to the ground upon their faces to worship their Lord, the Almighty, God Most High.
- 18.歌者们以甜美而圆润的旋律用声音赞美他。And the singers praised him with their voices in sweet and full-toned melody.
- 19.众人在那位怜悯者面前祈求至高主,直到敬拜主的礼仪完毕,他们便完成了他的事奉。And the people besought the Lord Most High in prayer before him who is merciful, till the order of worship of the Lord was ended; so they completed his service.
- 20.西蒙于是下来,向以色列众子的全会众举起双手,用他的口宣告主的祝福,夸耀他的圣名。Then Simon came down, and lifted up his hands over the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, to pronounce the blessing of the Lord with his lips, and to glory in his name;
- 21.他们第二次俯伏敬拜,要领受至高者的祝福。and they bowed down in worship a second time, to receive the blessing from the Most High.
- 22.祝祷词 现在要称颂万物的神, 他在万事上都成就大事; 他自我们出生便抬举我们的年日, 并以他的怜悯恩待我们。A Benediction And now bless the God of all, who in every way does great things; who exalts our days from birth, and deals with us according to his mercy.
- 23.愿他赐给我们心中的喜乐,使平安在我们有生之年归于以色列,如昔日一般。May he give us gladness of heart, and grant that peace may be in our days in Israel, as in the days of old.
- 24.愿他将他的怜悯赐给我们,愿他在我们的日子中拯救我们。May he entrust to us his mercy! And let him deliver us in our days!
- 25.尾声 我的灵魂为两个民族所烦扰,第三个甚至算不得民族Epilogue With two nations my soul is vexed, and the third is no nation:
- 26.住在西珥山的,和非利士人,以及住在示剑的愚妄人。Those who live on Mount Se′ir, and the Philistines, and the foolish people that dwell in Shechem.
- 27.理解与知识的教导,我写在这书中。是耶路撒冷人,西拉之子,以利亚撒之子耶稣,他从心里倾流出智慧。Instruction in understanding and knowledge I have written in this book, Jesus the son of Sirach, son of Elea′zar, of Jerusalem, who out of his heart poured forth wisdom.
- 28.关心这些事的人有福,将这些事放在心上的人必有智慧。Blessed is he who concerns himself with these things, and he who lays them to heart will become wise.
- 29.因为如果他遵行这些事,他就必在万事上坚强,因为主的光就是他的道路。For if he does them, he will be strong for all things, for the light of the Lord is his path.
