圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
选择章节
点击章节后,内容会在右侧「当前章节」标签页展开。返回本页可继续选择其他章节。
为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
想从头读一遍德训篇?打开阅读器,逐章对照中英文,遇到不懂的地方随时提问。
开始读德训篇德训篇
第44章
- 1.让我们现在称颂有名望的人和我们祖辈的一代。Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers in their generations.
- 2.主从起初就将伟大的荣耀,和他的威严赐给他们。The Lord apportioned to them great glory, his majesty from the beginning.
- 3.他们在各自的国度里掌权,是以权力著称的男子,凭着自己的智慧给予建议,并宣扬预言;There were those who ruled in their kingdoms, and were men renowned for their power, giving counsel by their understanding, and proclaiming prophecies;
- 4.百姓的领袖,在他们的商议和百姓的学习理解中,智慧地用言语教导;leaders of the people in their deliberations and in understanding of learning for the people, wise in their words of instruction;
- 5.那些谱写音乐曲调的人和把诗句写下的人;those who composed musical tunes, and set forth verses in writing;
- 6.富有的人拥有资源,在他们的住所中和平地生活——rich men furnished with resources, living peaceably in their habitations—
- 7.这些人在各自的世代中都受到尊敬,并成为他们那个时代的光辉。all these were honored in their generations, and were the glory of their times.
- 8.他们中有一些人留下了名字,以便人们称赞他们。There are some of them who have left a name, so that men declare their praise.
- 9.也有些人没有遗迹,仿佛他们从未活过,他们变得仿佛他们从未出生,他们的子孙后代也是如此。And there are some who have no memorial, who have perished as though they had not lived; they have become as though they had not been born, and so have their children after them.
- 10.但这些人是仁慈的人,他们的义行没有被忘记;But these were men of mercy, whose righteous deeds have not been forgotten;
- 11.他们的繁荣将留给他们的后代,他们的遗产将传给他们的子子孙孙。their prosperity will remain with their descendants, and their inheritance to their children’s children.
- 12.他们的后代坚守盟约,他们的子孙也为他们的缘故这样做。Their descendants stand by the covenants; their children also, for their sake.
- 13.他们的后代将永远存在,他们的荣耀不会被抹去。Their posterity will continue for ever, and their glory will not be blotted out.
- 14.他们的尸体被安葬于平安之中,他们的名字世世代代长存。Their bodies were buried in peace, and their name lives to all generations.
- 15.各族的人都要宣告他们的智慧,众会也宣扬他们的赞美。Peoples will declare their wisdom, and the congregation proclaims their praise.
- 16.以诺以诺得蒙主喜悦,就被接去,他成为世世代代的悔改典范。Enoch Enoch pleased the Lord, and was taken up; he was an example of repentance to all generations.
- 17.诺亚是完全公义的,在愤怒的日子里,他代替众人受罚,所以当洪水来到的时候,地上仍剩下一些人。Noah Noah was found perfect and righteous; in the time of wrath he was taken in exchange; therefore a remnant was left to the earth when the flood came.
- 18.与他立了永远的约,凡有血肉的,不再被洪水毁灭。Everlasting covenants were made with him that all flesh should not be blotted out by a flood.
- 19.亚伯拉罕是许多国家的伟大父亲,没有人能与他相比,荣耀中无人能及他;Abraham Abraham was the great father of a multitude of nations, and no one has been found like him in glory;
- 20.他遵守了至高者的律法,并与他立约,他在自己的身体上确定了这约,当他受试验的时候,显出他是忠诚的。he kept the law of the Most High, and was taken into covenant with him; he established the covenant in his flesh, and when he was tested he was found faithful.
- 21.因此,主向他起誓,要使万国因他的后裔得福,要使他的后裔像地上的尘土那样繁多,像天上的星星那样将他的后裔升高,并使他们从这海到那海,从这河到地极承受为业。Therefore the Lord assured him by an oath that the nations would be blessed through his posterity; that he would multiply him like the dust of the earth, and exalt his posterity like the stars, and cause them to inherit from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth.
- 22.以撒和雅各 以撒也是因他父亲亚伯拉罕的缘故,神也给了他同样的应许。Isaac and Jacob To Isaac also he gave the same assurance for the sake of Abraham his father.
- 23.万民的福气和他所立的约都归于雅各的头上,他承认他,赐福给他,又将产业赐给他,划出地界,分给以色列十二支派。The blessing of all men and the covenant he made to rest upon the head of Jacob; he acknowledged him with his blessings, and gave him his inheritance; he determined his portions, and distributed them among twelve tribes.
