圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
选择章节
点击章节后,内容会在右侧「当前章节」标签页展开。返回本页可继续选择其他章节。
为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
想从头读一遍德训篇?打开阅读器,逐章对照中英文,遇到不懂的地方随时提问。
开始读德训篇德训篇
第43章
- 1.太阳的辉煌 天之高处的尊荣,乃是清澈的穹苍,是天国荣耀的壮观景象。The Splendor of the Sun The pride of the heavenly heights is the clear firmament, the appearance of heaven in a spectacle of glory.
- 2.太阳升起,光辉照耀,发出宣告,乃是一件奇妙的器物,至高者的杰作。The sun, when it appears, making proclamation as it goes forth, is a marvelous instrument, the work of the Most High.
- 3.正午时它炙烤大地,谁能经受得住它的炽热呢?At noon it parches the land; and who can withstand its burning heat?
- 4.照料炉火的人在灼热中劳作,然而太阳三倍于此地炙烤群山;它呼出炽烈的烟雾,明亮的光束灼人眼目。A man tending a furnace works in burning heat, but the sun burns the mountains three times as much; it breathes out fiery vapors, and with bright beams it blinds the eyes.
- 5.造它的主何其伟大,它因他的命令急速前行。Great is the Lord who made it; and at his command it hastens on its course.
- 6.月光的光辉 他也造了月亮, 按时节照耀, 以分别节令, 作为永远的预兆。The Splendor of the Moon He made the moon also, to serve in its season to mark the times and to be an everlasting sign.
- 7.从月亮而来的是节期的征兆,是一道光,到了圆满便渐渐亏缺。From the moon comes the sign for feast days, a light that wanes when it has reached the full.
- 8.月份因月亮而得名,月相盈亏奇妙增长,作为天上众军的器皿,在苍穹之中闪耀光辉。The month is named for the moon, increasing marvelously in its phases, an instrument of the hosts on high shining forth in the firmament of heaven.
- 9.星辰与彩虹的荣耀 星辰的荣耀乃天穹之美,是主在高处的辉煌阵列。The Glory of the Stars and the Rainbow The glory of the stars is the beauty of heaven, a gleaming array in the heights of the Lord.
- 10.遵圣者之命,他们按所吩咐的站立,在守望中永不懈怠。At the command of the Holy One they stand as ordered, they never relax in their watches.
- 11.观看彩虹,赞美造它的主,它的光辉极其美丽。Look upon the rainbow, and praise him who made it, exceedingly beautiful in its brightness.
- 12.它以辉煌的弧光环绕诸天;至高者的手将其展开。It encircles the heaven with its glorious arc; the hands of the Most High have stretched it out.
- 13.大自然的奇妙 他一声令下,大雪纷飞;他使审判的闪电疾驰而出。The Marvels of Nature By his command he sends the driving snow and speeds the lightnings of his judgment.
- 14.因此,仓库被打开,云彩如鸟一般飞腾而出。Therefore the storehouses are opened, and the clouds fly forth like birds.
- 15.他以威严聚集云彩,使冰雹碎裂;他显现时,群山震动;随他的旨意,南风吹起。In his majesty he amasses the clouds, and the hailstones are broken in pieces. At his appearing the mountains are shaken; at his will the south wind blows.
- 17.他的雷声斥责大地;北方的暴风与旋风也是如此。他撒下雪花,如同飞鸟骤然落下;它的降落,犹如蝗虫栖止。The voice of his thunder rebukes the earth; so do the tempest from the north and the whirlwind. He scatters the snow like birds flying down, and its descent is like locusts alighting.
- 18.眼惊叹其洁白之美,心震撼其飘落之姿。The eye marvels at the beauty of its whiteness, and the mind is amazed at its falling.
- 19.他将白霜倾撒于地,犹如撒盐;待其冻结,便化作锋利的荆棘。He pours the hoarfrost upon the earth like salt, and when it freezes, it becomes pointed thorns.
- 20.寒冷的北风吹来,冰将水面冻结,它覆于每一处池水之上,水面披冰犹如穿上铠甲。The cold north wind blows, and ice freezes over the water; it rests upon every pool of water, and the water puts it on like a breastplate.
- 21.祂吞灭群山,烧尽旷野,使嫩草如火般枯焦。He consumes the mountains and burns up the wilderness, and withers the tender grass like fire.
- 22.雾气迅速疗愈万物, 露水显现,暑气顿消。A mist quickly heals all things; when the dew appears, it refreshes from the heat.
- 23.他凭谋略平息深渊,又在其中安置岛屿。By his counsel he stilled the great deep and planted islands in it.
- 24.那些出海航行的人述说大海的危险,我们听闻便感到惊奇。Those who sail the sea tell of its dangers, and we marvel at what we hear.
- 25.因为其中有奇妙可畏的事,各样的活物,以及海中巨大的生物。for in it are strange and marvelous works, all kinds of living things, and huge creatures of the sea.
- 26.因他,他的使者寻得道路;凭他的话,万物得以维系。Because of him his messenger finds the way, and by his word all things hold together.
- 27.我们纵然多言,仍不能穷尽;我们言辞的总归乃是:"他就是万有。"Though we speak much we cannot reach the end, and the sum of our words is: “He is the all.”
- 28.我们当从何处得力量来赞美他呢?因为他比他一切所作的更为伟大。Where shall we find strength to praise him? For he is greater than all his works.
- 29.主威严可畏,伟大无比,他的大能奇妙非凡。Terrible is the Lord and very great, and marvelous is his power.
- 30.你们赞美主,应当尽力高举他,因为他必超过这一切。你们高举他,要用尽你们所有的力量,切不可疲乏,因为你们不能将他赞美得足够。When you praise the Lord, exalt him as much as you can; for he will surpass even that. When you exalt him, put forth all your strength, and do not grow weary, for you cannot praise him enough.
- 31.谁能看见他,又能描述他呢?谁又能按他的本来面目赞美他呢?Who has seen him and can describe him? Or who can extol him as he is?
- 32.这些以外,还有更大的事隐藏着,因为我们不过略略看见过他的作为。Many things greater than these lie hidden, for we have seen but few of his works.
- 33.因为主创造万物,又将智慧赐给虔诚的人。For the Lord has made all things, and to the godly he has granted wisdom.
