圣经导读
德训篇导读
共 51 章 · Sirach
敬畏上主是智慧的开端,人当以信德遵行律法、在日常生活的考验中寻求敬畏与智慧的合一。
德训篇
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为什么写这卷书
在公元前二世纪犹太民族受希腊文化冲击之际,便西拉智者在耶路撒冷教导门徒,以敬畏上主与遵守祖先律法为根基,汇集历代智慧教训,帮助读者在家庭、职业、伦理与宗教实践中辨识何为真正的智慧,以抵挡世俗诱惑、维系托拉生活。
段落结构
- 1–4智慧的总纲与起源
- 5–14敬畏上主与日常伦理
- 15–23神的主权、拣选与人的责任
- 24–32智慧颂赞与敬虔实践
- 33–43天主的造化、圣祖历史与列祖赞颂
- 44–51列祖赞颂续篇与全书总结
主要主题
敬畏上主是智慧的开端
德训篇反复强调,真正的智慧并非来自世俗学问,而是源于对天主的敬畏与遵行诫命(德1:1-20, 19:20)。敬畏上主使人远离罪恶,赐人生命的荣耀与平安。
家庭、婚姻与友谊中的伦理
作者详述夫妻、亲子、主仆之间的责任与德行(德3:1-16, 7:18-36, 25:1-26:18, 30:1-13, 40:1-11),并论及择友之道(德6:5-17, 22:19-26:28, 37:1-6),强调忠信、谦逊与彼此相爱。
对贫穷、财富与公义的态度
德训篇警告富有的危险,劝勉怜悯穷人,斥责不义的压迫(德4:1-10, 13:1-14, 29:1-20, 31:1-11)。财富本身并非邪恶,但须以正义与怜悯之心使用,否则将带来毁灭。
言语与行为的节制
作者多次论及言语的力量,劝人慎言、多闻、勿妄断(德5:1-15, 19:4-17, 20:1-31, 23:7-15, 28:1-26),并强调谦卑、忍耐与自持的美德。
天主的主权、护理与历史救恩
德训篇肯定天主对万有的主宰与护理(德11:1-28, 16:24-18:14, 33:7-15, 39:12-35, 42:15-43:33),并在第44-50章颂赞祖先列祖的德行与历史救恩,显示天主在历史中的信实。
与基督的关联
德训篇虽未直接提及默西亚,但其所彰显的智慧最终指向基督——天主的永恒智慧,道成肉身的圣言(参照德24章智慧诗与若1:1-18、哥1:15-20)。书中预表智慧住在以色列中,设立帐幕于雅各伯家(德24:8-12),为基督在降孕奥迹中居住于童贞玛利亚内的预像。义人受苦但终得荣耀的主题(德2:1-18, 44-50章),亦预示基督的苦难与复活。智慧之子耶稣基督承行父旨、教训众人怜悯与公义,正是德训篇所渴求的完美智慧化身。
关键经文
德训篇的灵修
默想问题
- ·德训篇强调'敬畏上主是智慧的开端'(德1:14),在今日的生活中,我如何具体地活出这份敬畏?
- ·面对贫穷与不义的议题(德4:1-10, 13:1-14),我是否愿意慷慨分享我的时间与资源,效法天主的公义与怜悯?
- ·德训篇对言语的警示(德5, 19, 28章)提醒我:我的言语是建立还是拆毁?是否常在说话前先静默祈祷?
- ·德训篇中的父亲训诲与对家庭的重视(德3章)如何挑战我今日在家庭中履行爱与责任?
- ·德训篇中描绘的'智慧'(德24章)如何在基督身上得到完全的彰显?我如何让基督的智慧更深地居住在我内?
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开始读德训篇德训篇
第49章
- 1.约西亚和其他义人 约西亚的记念像调制香料的香水一样,是每个人的嘴里都像蜜一样甜美,像酒宴上的音乐一样。Josiah and Other Worthies The memory of Josi′ah is like a blending of incense prepared by the art of the perfumer; it is sweet as honey to every mouth, and like music at a banquet of wine.
- 2.他得以正确地引导百姓归向上帝,并除掉一切不公义的可憎之事。He was led aright in converting the people, and took away the abominations of iniquity.
- 3.他专心仰赖耶和华,在恶人当权的日子,他坚固了虔诚。He set his heart upon the Lord; in the days of wicked men he strengthened godliness.
- 4.除了大卫和希西家以及约西亚以外,他们都极大地犯罪,因为他们离弃了至高者的律法;犹大王朝就此结束;Except David and Hezeki′ah and Josi′ah they all sinned greatly, for they forsook the law of the Most High; the kings of Judah came to an end;
- 5.因为他们将自己的权柄交给了别人,将自己的荣耀给了外邦。for they gave their power to others, and their glory to a foreign nation,
- 6.就是那位点燃圣所选城火焰,使她的街道荒芜的人,都是照着耶利米的话。who set fire to the chosen city of the sanctuary, and made her streets desolate, according to the word of Jeremiah.
- 7.因为他们曾经苦待他,他却在母腹中已经被分别为先知,要拔出、击打、毁灭,又要建造和栽培。For they had afflicted him; yet he had been consecrated in the womb as prophet, to pluck up and afflict and destroy, and likewise to build and to plant.
- 8.是以西结看见了上帝在基路伯车上的荣耀显现。It was Ezekiel who saw the vision of glory which God showed him above the chariot of the cherubim.
- 9.因为神用暴风记念他的敌人,并向那些使道路正直的人施行善意。For God remembered his enemies with storm, and did good to those who directed their ways aright.
- 10.愿十二位先知的骨头从他们所躺的地方复活,因为他们安慰了雅各的人,并以坚定的希望交付了他们。May the bones of the twelve prophets revive from where they lie, for they comforted the people of Jacob and delivered them with confident hope.
- 11.我们怎样尊荣撒鲁巴伯呢,他好像右手上的印戒,How shall we magnify Zerub′babel? He was like a signet on the right hand,
- 12.耶书的儿子约撒达也是这样,在他们的日子里,他们建造了房屋,修造了主的圣殿,为永恒的荣耀做好了准备。and so was Jeshua the son of Jo′zadak; in their days they built the house and raised a temple holy to the Lord, prepared for everlasting glory.
- 13.尼希米的记忆也永存;他为我们重建了倒塌的城墙,并竖立门和门闩,又修复了我们的荒废的房屋。The memory of Nehemi′ah also is lasting; he raised for us the walls that had fallen, and set up the gates and bars and rebuilt our ruined houses.
- 14.回顾没有人像以诺一样,因为他被接上天去。Retrospect No one like Enoch has been created on earth, for he was taken up from the earth.
- 15.没有一个人像约瑟那样出生,他的骨头也得到了照顾。And no man like Joseph has been born, and his bones are cared for.
- 16.示姆和塞特在人中得尊敬,亚当在创造的万物中高过一切活物。Shem and Seth were honored among men, and Adam above every living being in the creation.
